Scramble for Africa
Industrial Powers race to colonies
Development in African Regions North: Ottoman control declineNorth: Ottoman control decline West: Islamic reform movementWest: Islamic reform movement East: Slave trade w/ Mid E continuedEast: Slave trade w/ Mid E continued South: Zulu nation conquered neighborsSouth: Zulu nation conquered neighbors
Euro contact increases Burton & Nile ges/Life+explorations-en.jpg Livingstone explorer & missionary
King Leopold II of Belgium Arranged treaties w/African leadersArranged treaties w/African leaders Monopolized CongoMonopolized Congo Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa _ii_garter_knight.jpg
Industrial Powers race to colonies Christian Missionaries were the first “explorers” of Africa’s interiorChristian Missionaries were the first “explorers” of Africa’s interior Belgium sent representatives to negotiate with African chiefsBelgium sent representatives to negotiate with African chiefs –Contracts were in English –Those who refused were shot –Chiefs were forced to give up their land In the 1870s, European powers looked to fully colonize Africa. The map shows how Imperialist nations divided the continent.
Connected Red & Mediterranean Sea shortening trip to Asian marketsConnected Red & Mediterranean Sea shortening trip to Asian markets Egypt needed $ so they sold their share to England Egypt needed $ so they sold their share to England Despite the voluntary sale, Egyptians grew angry & rebelled over foreign presenceDespite the voluntary sale, Egyptians grew angry & rebelled over foreign presence –1882 Led to Egypt becoming a protectorate Egypt & France = Partners
Causes England dedicated to expansion British settlers in Dutch colonies outnumbered Boers British gained control of area new language & culture British outlawed slavery Boers left & founded Transvaal & Orange Free State Diamonds were discovered in the Boers British settlers continued to move north & on Dutch controlled land
Outcomes The Boers resisted British victory & practiced guerilla warfare British arrested & imprisoned Boers Boers finally gave up (1910) Orange Free State & Transvaal became part of British Africa Created the Union of South Africa Cecil Rhodes vision of a English- speaking Empire became a reality.
Berlin Conference Free state of CongoFree state of Congo Free trade in CongoFree trade in Congo basin basin Niger & Congo RiverNiger & Congo River free ship traffic free ship traffic Prohibition of slave tradeProhibition of slave trade If claim land, need est gov officesIf claim land, need est gov offices
Liberia & Ethiopia were the only independent African Nations
Created problems between African tribes Forced ethnic groups into same nation Destroyed African culture In many parts, segregation & class system based on color were introduced Africa has yet to recover corruption, instability, violence & authoritative regimes are common
Whose Next?