S PEECH O RGANIZATION : I NTRO + B ODY + C ONCLUSION Chapters 9 and 10 Lecture/Recap

E XAMPLES OF I NFORMATIVE S PEECHES Good or bad organization?

W HAT DOES “S TRATEGIC O RGANIZATION ” M EAN ? Necessary for Public Speaking? (Why/Why not?)

R EVIEW General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about… Remember—Concise. Do not include too many ideas When using “and” Is it connecting two unrelated ideas? Could the speech topic be narrowed down more? Is it concise enough? Is it detailed enough? Central idea: Thesis statement

B ODY OF THE S PEECH

M AIN P OINTS Expresses central idea Amount? Be strategic Too many? Fits time frame? Amount of time on each More complex/more supporting materials = more time Huge differences in time? Help your audience process the information Keep main points separate Similar (or recognizable) patterns Effective organization

O RGANIZATION OF M AIN P OINTS Chronological Spatial Causal Problem-Solution Topical

E XAMPLE -Central idea: Facebook has the potential to affect the type and quality of interpersonal relationships among teenagers - Main Points: I. FB causes faster relationships to form II. FB causes conflict III. FB limits face-to-face interaction

E XAMPLES Chronological Order (follows time pattern) Main Point 1 – First, individuals add friends and have minimum communication Main Point 2 – Overtime, individuals begin to communicate more through FB messaging

EXAMPLES Spatial Order (follows a directional pattern) Main Point 1 – FB in high schools Main Point 2 – FB in colleges OR Main Point 1 – FB among teens in Georgia Main Point 2 – FB among teens in Maryland

E XAMPLES Causal Order (presents cause-effect relationship) Main Point 1: FB causes less face-to-face interaction Main Point 2: People use FB more for discussing problems rather than using spoken messages. Main Point 3: This affects the way in which teens can communicate effectively outside of technology

EXAMPLES Problem-Solution (self explanatory) Main Point 1: Research shows FB has led to bullying Main Point 2: People argue that FB should launch an anti-bullying campaign

E XAMPLES Topical Order Main Point 1: FB and friendships Main Point 2: FB and romantic relationships Main Point 3: FB and family

W HAT WOULD BE THE BEST ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN ? Informing audience about unemployment rates across the US Informing audiences on the application process for Financial Aid Informing audiences on the effects of smoking Informing audiences about the different academic programs at Gordon

U SING YOUR SUPPORTING MATERIALS Remember: Examples, stats, and testimony— three common types Must support your main ideas, which support your central idea/thesis Must organize your supporting material Will fit in as sub-points/minor points

C ONNECTIVES Helps with organization; guides your audience through your speech Transitions Internal Preview Signposts (e.g. questions)

I NTRODUCTIONS AND C ONCLUSIONS

I NTRODUCTIONS Objective 1: Gain their attention and interest Make your topic relatable Explain the importance of your topic (to your audience) Startle your audience Build suspense (and their curiosity) Use rhetorical questions Use a powerful (and relevant) quote Tell a story

H OW COULD YOU GAIN ATTENTION ? H OW COULD YOU MAKE THIS RELATABLE ? Social Security Coffee Illiteracy Laughter Steroids Blood donations

I NTRODUCTIONS Objective 2:Reveal your topic Objective 3: Establish credibility and goodwill Objective 4: Provide a preview of your main points ***Objective 5: Explain your central idea/thesis Is this the right spot?

W HEN CREATING YOUR INTRODUCTION : Remember each objective Keep it brief Be creative While researching, look for valuable intro material Many write the introduction after their main points Practice delivering your introduction Do not write out your entire introduction; use outline format

C ONCLUSIONS Signal the end of the speech More creative than “In Conclusion” Reinforce the central idea/thesis Summarize your main points End with a quote End with a dramatic statement Circle back to your introduction

C ONCLUSIONS For your next speech, your conclusion will: Signal the end (without saying “In Conclusion”) Reinforce your central idea/Summarize your main points Provide memorable close (e.g. quote, dramatic statement, circling back to your introduction) Make sure to practice your conclusion; be creative

A NOTHER EXAMPLE : G OOD OR B AD O RGANIZATION ?

T HURSDAY ’ S C LASS Speech Workshop (15 points) – Research, oral citations, and organization Prep on Thursday Deliver on Tuesday Creating a speech with intro, body, and conclusion on assigned topic Must research; each person must cite ONE source Must have clear connectives from person to person Idea for organization: Intro (transition to body) Body Partner 1 facts/information and citation (transition to partner 2) Partner 2 facts/information and citation (signal the close/transition to conclusion) Conclusion Change of plans Original plan: Meet in Computer Lab (IC 103) New plan: Meet here in ACAD 203 Review recap answers Pick partner and topic Relocate to work area (e.g. computer lab, library, student center) Research, develop, AND rehearse Giving you 60 mins to work; will also require “homework” Immediate response to s during class time By 6:00 p.m. on Thursday, one group member must me the two sources you each will cite. Give me an example of your oral citation (see the PowerPoint for Chapters 5 and 6)