People and Ideas on the Move Chapter 3 People and Ideas on the Move

3.2 Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism

Hinduism Collection of religious beliefs that developed over a long period of time Founded by many people with 1000’s gods Upanishads—sacred writings Liberation from desire and suffering Moksha—perfect understanding of all things Release from life This takes many lifetimes Reincarnation—rebirth of the soul Karma—good and bad deed that determine one’s standing in life

Hindu Gods Polytheistic—Believe in many gods 3 main Gods Brahma—creator Vishnu—protector Shiva—destroyer Off shoot of Hinduism Jainism—nothing in the world should be harmed

Buddha and Buddhism Founder—Siddhartha Gautama Left his palace seeking enlightenment (wisdom) 4 Noble Truths Eightfold Path leads to Nirvana Rejected gods and caste system Popular with the lower class and women Buddhism spreads through trade

3.3 Seafaring Traders Seafaring traders were able spread new ideas, culture, religion, and good over great distances

Minoans Dominated trade in eastern Med from 2000-1400 BCE Island of Crete Exported goods and culture King Minos Bull leaping Painted pottery Women led rituals

Phoenicians Dominated trade after the Minoans Several of city-states throughout the Mediterranean Excellent shipbuilders Alphabet Trade also stretched to the far east (India, China)

3.4 Origins of Judaism The Hebrews, later called the Jews, would eventually settle in Palestine

The Hebrews, later called the Jews, would eventually settle in Palestine

Search for the Promise Land Canaan—land God promised to the Hebrews Torah—Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) Abraham—”father” of the Hebrews Ur Canaan Egypt Yahweh Monotheism Covenant

Egypt Israel At first welcomed, but later forced into slavery The Exodus Moses New Covenant—10 Commandments Return to Canaan Israel Harsh conditions, and landscape Judah 3 Kings Saul, David, and Solomon Jerusalem Tribute paid to the Assyrians Babylonians conquered and enslaved the Jews Set free by King Cyrus