Spanish American War -Identify the Causes and Effects of the Spanish American War -Be able to define Imperialism & Isolationism Unit 7: Imperialism and the Growth of US Power

Important Ideas/Terms 1). Monroe Doctrine: stated that the Americas were off limits to further European colonization 2). Imperialism: The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations 3). Yellow Journalism: Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers 4). Industrialization: The Change from animal/human labor to machine labor (requires LOTS of Raw materials for Mass Production)

How is Industrialization related to Imperialism? Think about resources. Think about how a technologically advanced society may feel over ‘non-advanced’ societies. Turn to a person near you: come up with 3-5 ways these two historical ideas are related.

The Desire for World Power Need for new markets to sell goods Related to Industrialization More land to get raw materials Keep up with European Powers Related to Imperialism Goals of leadership Foxborough History Department

Before War Broke Out… Spain was considered one of the top naval powers in the world (on paper only!) The US was having a debate in their political landscape: Should we Expand or remain Isolated?  Imperialism vs Isolationism Yellow Journalism inspired citizens to feel sympathy for Spain’s mistreatment of colonies (Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico)

Causes of Spanish American War American Sympathy towards Cuban Fight for Freedom against Spanish Rule “Butcher” Weyler forced 300,000 Cuban Rebels into concentration camps (gov’t work camps) Monroe Doctrine – chance to get Spain out of Western Hemisphere Economic Interests – sugar plantations, cheap labor Yellow Journalism – American Press got American’s behind going to war Spark (direct cause): Sinking of the USS Maine

“To Hell with Spain Remember the Maine” At 9:40pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana (Cuba) Harbor 268 men were killed, shocking the American population What or who caused this explosion? http://www.homeofheroes.com/wallofhonor/spanish_am/02_maine.html

Waiting for the Facts Who is waiting? -Pres. McKinley Why should we wait for the “facts”? Why might the United States want to go to war? What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain?

1.What is most noticeable about the example? 2. How is this media making people feel? 3. How would this influence or change peoples mind?

Characteristics of Yellow Journalism Headlines in huge print, often of minor news Many pictures, or imaginary drawings use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, and false information from so-called experts dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system. Emotional words and symbols; scare tactics

Yellow Journalism A type of journalism that distorts and exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers William Randolph Hearst vs Joseph Pulitzer. New York Journal New York World

Does Yellow Journalism Still Exist?

Questions from Ppt 1). What role does industrialization play in creating a desire for Imperialism? 2). Explain why you are more of an Isolationist or Imperialist when it comes to US foreign policy? 3). Who were William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer? Explain their role in the Sp-Am War. 4). Do you believe ‘Yellow Journalism’ is still a problem in US society today? Provide examples for why or why not. 5). Is war ever justifiable/right? What makes a war justifiable?

Leaders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt George Dewey William Randolph Hearst General Weyler “The Butcher” Emilio Aguinaldo

William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901) 25th President Supported by Industrialists (Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan) Wanted to avoid war in Cuba Yellow journalism and public supported war In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba. Assassinated in 1901 By Leon Czolgosz

Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy. “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one” First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders.“ Stop, drop, that’s how rough riders roll…..(DMX) Becomes President AFTER McKinley dies…many Republicans worried about his presidency TR goes after Trusts as president. He did not go “by the book” for many in the Republican Party (“Loose cannon!”) Pay attention during President’s Video! Lots to know about TR!!!

Commodore George Dewey May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay Quick & easy defeat of the Spanish During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes

William Randolph Hearst Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war.“ Famously believed Newspapers should be used to sway Americans’ opinions in politics and geopolitics (difference in those terms?)

General Weyler “The Butcher” In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba To prevent the insurrectos Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease

Emilio Aguinaldo The Philippines' revolutionary leader Fought first against Spanish imperialism After the end of the Spanish-American War, fought against Americans [who promised to leave nation to Filipinos]

Territories Gained 1. The Spanish-American War lasted 4 months. The U.S. first attacked the Philippine Islands 1st (Spanish possession) and started a two-front (two ocean) war in the Gulf of Mexico after. The U.S. won and gained the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico as territories.

Control of Cuba? 2. The U.S. placed a military government in Cuba and exerted control over the country’s affairs. Many Cubans resented this. Guantanamo Bay was leased to the U.S. so they could have a major naval base on the island. Prior to the Sp-Am War, we passed the Teller Amendment which promised we would leave Cuba after the war…Kind of true. Guess what revolutionary leader will fight against US imperialism in Cuba?

Important Events Sinking of the USS Maine 268 US Servicemen are killed Blamed on a Spanish mine Admiral Dewey – Surprise attack on the Spanish Fleet in Manila Harbor All Spanish Ships are Sunk Spanish Defeated in Battle of San Juan Hill T. Roosevelt led the “Rough Riders” to victory Spain signs Treat of Paris Ending the War

Effects of the Spanish American War US becomes an Imperialist Power Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines become colonies of the US Cuba gains its independence from Spain, but becomes a US Protectorate US will “protect” and partially control Cuba Philippine rebels wanting independence declare war on US

“Speak softly and carry a big stick.” 3. There was an increase in U.S. imperialistic desires. 4. Roosevelt Corollary: In 1904, President Roosevelt declared the U.S. as an international police power in the Western Hemisphere using the Monroe Doctrine to justify intervening in Latin America. “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

Pair Share: What’s going on in the picture?

The Great White Fleet 5. To show America as a growing political and economic power, President Roosevelt sent the U.S. Navy, known as the Great White Fleet, on a world tour.

Panama Canal 6. The U.S. got involved in the Panamanian revolution against Columbia so they could build and control the Panama Canal.

Model: Panama Canal Cartoon (what does it mean?)

Guided Practice: Panama Political Cartoon (what does it mean?)

Groups: Political Cartoon (what does it mean?)

Compare and Contrast

Intervention in Latin America Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Declared the U.S. as the police power of the Western Hemisphere Established U.S. “economic imperialism” throughout Latin America Panama U.S. supported Panama’s independence from Colombia in exchange for the right to build and control the Panama Canal

Where did the Great White Fleet go?

The Spanish-American War (1898) Causes U.S. wanted to help Cuba win independence from Spain U.S. had economic interests in Cuba U.S. saw Spain’s control of Cuba as a test of Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine: stated that the Americas were off limits to further European colonization U.S. wanted to build an empire U.S. needed raw materials and markets for its goods Strong nationalism Americans wanted their nation to be powerful, wealthy, and competitive with the European powers U.S. newspapers blamed Spain for explosion of USS Maine

The Spanish-American War (1898) Effects U.S. quickly defeated Spain and became a world power U.S. took on roll of a Police force of the Western Hemisphere U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam U.S. temporarily occupied Cuba and set up a military government Cuba and the Philippines eventually gained independence

Questions (round 2) 1). Who was president during the Sp-Am War? 2). What is the Roosevelt Corollary? How did it change the Monroe Doctrine? 3). What was the ‘Spark!’ that started the Sp-Am war? 4). Who were Emilio Aguinaldo and Butcher ‘Weyler’? 5). In your opinion, did the US uphold their end of the Teller Amendment? Explain why or why not. 6). In your opinion, is it better to be Isolationist or Imperialist? Explain your reasons. 7). Explain two causes and two effects of the Sp-Am War