1. The Spanish-American War

2. Main Idea:
* America emerged as a world power as a result of victory over __Spain__ in the Spanish-American War (1898).
* Theodore Roosevelt’s strong foreign policy drove America to a more active role in world affairs.

3. 1. Causes of the Spanish-American War.
A. American support of __Cuban__ rebels to gain independence from __Spain__.
Cubans fought for their independence from Spain by revolting. Spanish rulers in Cuba were harsh in their response, sending many Cubans to camps controlled by Spanish soldiers. The camps were brutal, often lacking adequate food and supplies, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Cubans. Americans became more and more concerned about the Spanish treatment of Cubans as they read newspapers about the situation.

4. 1. Causes of the Spanish-American War.
B. Protection of American businesses in __Cuba__.
Many American businesses were located in Cuba, such as sugar plantations. The fighting between Spain and Cuban rebels threatened American businesses in Cuba.

5. 1. Causes of the Spanish-American War.
C. Sinking of the _USS_ __Maine__ in Havana Harbor.
America sent a battleship, the USS Maine, to Cuba to show concern for American businesses. A few weeks after arriving the ship mysteriously exploded, killing over sailors. The explosion could have been caused by an accident on board, but many Americans believed Spain was responsible for the destruction of the USS Maine.

6. 1. Causes of the Spanish-American War.
D. _Yellow_ __Journalism_ - exaggerated news reporting that inflamed public opinion.
Newspapers used attention grapping headlines and stories to increase the sells of their papers. Yellow journalism pointed the finger of blame at Spain for the USS Maine tragedy. Their stories caused public opinion in American to demand action against Spain.

7. 2. America was victorious in the Spanish-American War.
A. Spanish forces were defeated in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

8. 2. America was victorious in the Spanish-American War.
B. The war lasted from April to August of __1898__, resulting in only American deaths. The U.S. Secretary of State called it “a splendid little war.”

9. 2. America was victorious in the Spanish-American War.
C. ___Theodore___ ___Roosevelt__, later a U.S. president, played a very visible role as leader of a group of volunteer soldiers known as the Rough Riders.

10. 3. Results of the Spanish-American War.
A. __Cuba__ gained independence from __Spain__.

11. 3. Results of the Spanish-American War.
B. The United States gained possession of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

12. 3. Results of the Spanish-American War.
C. America emerged as a __world__ power.

13. 4. President Theodore Roosevelt’s strong foreign policy drove the U. S
4. President Theodore Roosevelt’s strong foreign policy drove the U.S. to a more active role in world affairs.
A. Roosevelt was serving as Vice President when President William McKinley was assassinated. Roosevelt served as president from 1901 to 1909.

14. 4. President Theodore Roosevelt’s strong foreign policy drove the U. S
4. President Theodore Roosevelt’s strong foreign policy drove the U.S. to a more active role in world affairs.
B. He added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which stated:
* Foreign countries should not interfere with the Western Hemisphere (North, South, Central Americas).
* The U.S. would “police” the Americas, and had the right to interfere in ___economic___ matters of nations in the Americas.

15. 4. President Theodore Roosevelt’s strong foreign policy drove the U. S
4. President Theodore Roosevelt’s strong foreign policy drove the U.S. to a more active role in world affairs.
C. Roosevelt urged “Big Stick Diplomacy” – using a show of military force to influence events.
* Example: the building of the __Panama__ ___Canal___.
* Roosevelt used a display of military force to help Panama receive independence from Columbia. The canal created a faster travel route between the east and west coast of America.