MUSLIM CIVILIZATION CHAPTER 9, SECTION 1

KWL CHART Let’s talk about your KWL chart you did for homework.

EXPLORE THE TIMELINE Copy the timeline When and where was Muhammad born? What was the hegira, and when did it take place? When did Ghana emerge as a major trading empire? What even happened in North America in 1000?

ORIGINS OF ISLAM Read “The Inside Story” on page 257 Summarize in your notes What happened???

THE ARABIAN PENINSULA

ARABIAN PENINSULA Bedouins-nomadic Arab peoples, moved herds between scattered oases

ARABIAN PENINSULA Farming was limited, but coastal towns flourished- Why?? Trade flourished! Mecca was one of these towns.

MECCA What influence may his early years as a trader have had on Muhammad and his ideas?

MAP IT! MeccaSyrian Desert MedinaNafud Desert Riyadh (capital) Red Sea Persian Gulf Mediterranean Sea

SIGNIFICANCE OF MECCA Also a religious center…….the Kaaba was/is there The Kaaba and pre-Islamic Mecca - YouTube

570 Muhammad ibn Abd Allah-Muhammad Both parents died so he was raised by his uncle-Abu Talib-a powerful clan leader MUHAMMAD

Merchant Married-older widow named Khadijah-who he had worked for 6 children-all but 1 daughter (Fatimah) died young MUHAMMAD

How did being a merchant influence his thinking???? Met followers of Judaism and Christianity-what did this probably mean? Muhammad was religious MUHAMMAD

610-what happened?

THE REVELATIONS Allah is the one & only true & all-powerful God Instructions on how to live to please Allah & live in paradise after death

Why did some powerful Meccans not accept his teachings??? After his uncle died in 619, he had to flee Mecca Moved to Yathrib, which would be called Medina (“the Prophet’s city”), in 622 HOW DID MECCANS RESPOND?

MUHAMMAD’S JOURNEY The hegira-Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina-622 Islamic calendar-marks year 0 Severs ties with Judaism Turns prayer from Jerusalem to Mecca Hegira

Muhammad then spent 10 yrs converting followers to Islam Islam means “achieving peace through submission to God” Islam comes from the Arabic root word “salam” meaning “peace” and “submission” ISLAM

Muslims were/are followers of Islam # of Muslims grew rapidly as Muhammad preached MUSLIMS

CONTROLLING MECCA Meccans fought w/ Muhammad & his followers Why? Clans! By 630, Muhammad controlled Mecca and now a political force His influence in the western part of the Arabian peninsula was unmatched

Muhammad could not read or write He recited his revelations from God Followers memorized the words & some wrote them down BASIC IDEAS OF ISLAM

Those writings- direct revelations from Allah (God)- collected into the Qur’an-the sacred text of Islam QU’RAN

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM Five basic acts of worship that are central to Islam & that Muhammad fulfilled himself

FIRST PILLAR Profession of faith-witnessing “There is no god but God (Allah), and Muhammad is the messenger of God.” Denies other polytheism & states Muhammad was human-prophet, not a deity

SECOND PILLAR Performance of five daily prayers-always facing Mecca

THIRD PILLAR Charity-giving to the poor or other needy people

FOURTH PILLAR Fasting-going without food or water-from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan

WHAT IS RAMADAN? What is Ramadan? An Explanation by Yusuf Islam – YouTube Thursday, July 19, 2012, - Saturday, August 18, 2012 July 9, August 7, 2013 Muslims learn self-discipline, empathy, thankfulness, etc.

FIFTH PILLAR Pilgrimage-journey-to Mecca (if physically & financially able!)-called the hajj Pilgrims gather in the city’s mosque-Muslims’ place of worship

HAJJ Walk seven times around the Kaaba Walk to nearby Mount Arafat-where Muhammad is said to have delivered his last sermon

GUIDELINES FOR BEHAVIOR Some are…… No pork No alcohol No murder, lying, or stealing Jihad-”struggle for the faith” Let’s talk about Jihad………….

Sunna-”tradition”-record of Muhammad’s behavior & teachings Provides guidelines on relationships, business dealings, & religious practice Hadith-each individual report on Muhammad’s actions More on Hadiths THE SUNNA

SHARIA LAW

ISLAM Monotheistic-there is ONE god Allah-God in the Jewish & Christian traditions Abraham, Moses, & Jesus were prophets-and Muhammad saw himself as the last of God’s prophets-giving the final, most perfect fulfillment of God’s words-God’s final message in the Qur’an

PEOPLE OF THE BOOK Muslims are taught to respect Jews and Christians as “people of the book” because they share the tradition of prophets who taught and received revelation from God (Allah).

HOMEWORK Read the “Sacred Texts: The Qur’an” and answer the “Analyze” question