The Cold War Abroad and at Home. The Truman Doctrine.

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The Cold War Abroad and at Home

The Truman Doctrine

The Marshall Plan Secretary of State George C. Marshall Aka: the European Recovery Program Congress approved in 1948 Soviets refused to accept aid France, UK, W. Germany, Belgium, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Greece, Turkey, & 8 other European nations received loans and grants of $13 billion over 4 years

Extreme measure to stop the exodus from E. Europe

Partitioning of Berlin, 1949

A Massive Operation

Berlin Airlift 2.5 West Berliners June 1948/ Sept. ’49 200,000 flights 13,000 tons per day Food, fuel, medicine C-47 & C-54 planes 77 men died including 31 Americans

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1946: Louis St. Laurent proposed idea Truman agreed 1949 Charter Canada, USA, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal Collective security

Warsaw Pact 1955 Soviet Union’s answer to NATO Military Alliance USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Romania

Soviets Get the Bomb Sept Truman reports explosion in the USSR 1952 first U.S. thermonuclear test

China Falls to Communism Nationalists vs. Communists since 1920s United against Japan in WWII Split after Japan left U.S. support Jiang Jieshi & Nationalists 1949 Mao in Peking

Cold War At Home Active Communist party during Depression WWII changed acceptance Anti-Communist crusade persecutes members and former members. Knowledge of espionage fueled fears Truman established “Loyalty Review Board” for Federal employees Several million examined

HUAC The House Un-American Activities Committee (est. 1938) 1947 HUAC accused Hollywood Ten “Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist party?” Fifth Amendment plea led to jail sentences Paranoia led to “blacklisting”

McCarran-Walter Act 1952 Congress passed this law establishing quotas for immigrants from Asia, Southern and Central Europe Truman vetoed McCarran-Walter Congress overrode the veto

Spy Cases Alger Hiss, former high ranking State Dept. official; accused by Whittaker Chambers Convicted of Perjury and sentenced to 4 years in prison Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Passing atomic weapon secrets to Soviet Union during WWII

Alger Hiss Soviet Spy Richard Nixon Commie Slayer

TREASON Convicted spies Julius & Ethel RosenbergTheir innocent sons

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