Road To The American Revolution How did Great Britain deal with its growing empire at the conclusion of the French and Indian War? Road To The American Revolution

Brief Intro to the English Colonies Breakdown of Colonies Southern Colonies: founded by profit-motivated companies or individuals Middle Colonies: founded by profit-motivated countries (Dutch)… most tolerant of other religious groups… made money through shipping and trade due to the nearness to water routes New England Colonies: founded due to religious purposes...government based on Theocracy England’s attitude toward Colonies Early on, England passed laws to control colonies but did not enforce them… they simply ignored them = Salutary Neglect By 1660, Charles II = said, “distance of place does not remove the colonies from our justice and power

Favorable balance of trade for England Why does Charles II feel the need to exert his control over the Colonies? MERCANTILE THEORY Mercantilism: is an economic policy…Wealth is power, key to wealth is export more than import European countries competed for world power and needed colonies to provide necessary raw materials. Colonies’ role: provide raw materials (so mother country does not have to import from other nations) and markets for exports Favorable balance of trade for England

What does Charles II do to exert his control over the colonies? The Navigation Acts

The Navigation Acts Colonies could only trade with England and other colonies Had to import all their manufactured goods from England Had to use English ships

English Colonies to England Raw goods such as lumber, tobacco, rice, and indigo were sent to England… manufactured goods were sent back to colonies to sell. 1. 3. Europe to Africa England sends manufactured goods to Africa in exchange for slaves 2. Africa to English Colonies English slave ships carried Africans along the Middle Passage (Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade) to the colonies.

How did the Navigation Acts affect the Colonies? Intended Affect By England Put an end to Salutary Neglect and to force the colonist to follow the principles of Mercantilism… The idea of providing raw materials to England and buying English manufactured goods Actual Affect = Colonial Reaction At first they ignored them because England did not enforce them = ? Smuggling and Piracy became a common practice to violate the law.

Conflict with France over the Ohio River Valley By 1750 the center of conflict was between England and France over Fur Trade in the Ohio River Valley

The French and Indian War

War, would the colonies be ready? The French and Indian War What started out as a war in the colonies, quickly spread through Europe Both England and France realized the importance of their colonies and began shipping out large #’s of troops instead of relying on colonial troops Early Stages of War French built Ft. Duquesne close to the French – English border 1st Attempt by England = Colonies sent George Washington to build Ft. Necessity close to the French fort to keep them from expanding their territory French attack Washington and tell him, “if the English come back to this area, we will go to war. Once local Indians allied themselves with the French, they attacked the colonist living in the area and war began 2nd Attempt by England = sent General Edward Braddock, ended in disaster… lost more than 2,000 troops War, would the colonies be ready?

The Albany Congress 1st Attempt to Unify Colonies America’s Renaissance Man: he was Scientist, philosopher, US Ambassador To France, he believed in “Social Mobility” Through hard work by Individuals Ben Franklin called for a meeting in Albany, NY. = Albany Congress 1754 7 colonies present Purpose for Congress Secure allegiance with the Iroquois Indians Unite the colonies in a time of defense Draft a plan for union This plan was called the Albany Plan of Union One Problem = How do you colonial leaders to come to the meeting?

WE NEED YOU TO JOIN, OR WE WILL DIE Appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette, Franklin’s newspaper. Snake represents individual colonies If they act as separate colonies, they will surely DIE If they JOIN together, they will defend their colonies

Outcome of the Albany Congress Colonies Decision They voted = NO Why – did not want to give up the local power of individual colonies England’s Decision They voted = NO Why – feared the colonies might become too powerful if they come together

End of the War The Treaty of Paris 1763 Ended the French and Indian War France gave up all land claims in North America, except for New Orleans England got = Canada, and all land to the Mississippi River Spain got = Louisiana

Problems after the War How does England deal with these issues? Most Indians in the area (Ohio Valley) were still loyal to France Colonists were moving into the new territory gained from the war Since England paid for the war… they emerge with a large debt How does England deal with these issues?

British Debt after the War

King George III faces new problems after the War Problems facing England after War England was in debt… they paid for the war, not the colonies Since the French were gone, the colonies no longer needed British soldiers for protection The French and Indian War brought the colonies together and taught them something of being soldiers How did Great Britain deal with its growing empire at the conclusion of the French and Indian War?