The Post-War World What will the post- war economy look like? –Role of women ( v. returning GI’s) –Role of labor/strikes (Taft-Hartley Act) –Military/Industrial complex GI Bill –How does this change American society? Baby-Boomers –What impact does the generation have? Will have? Growing Middle Class –How does this impact govt.? Society? Growing Prosperity (6% pop./40% world wealth) Growing Productivity Sunbelt –Where are the people going? Why? Suburbs and Urban Decay

1.What was the name of the US govt’s program to retrain and educate returning WWII veterans? 2.What was the name of the US govt’s program to reconstruct and rebuild Europe following WWII? 3.What does NATO stand for? 4.What was the name of the USSR’s collective security alliance? 5.HUAC= Committee on _____ _____.

Couple looking at house In postwar America, millions of families shopped for new houses in the country's burgeoning suburbs. In the first decade after the Second World War, 4.3 million veterans used GI Bill loan provisions to purchase single- family residences. Many of these men and women were members of what Tom Brokaw, NBC's news anchor, has called "the greatest generation." They survived the Great Depression, served in the war, and became parents of America's baby boomers. (H. Armstrong Roberts) Couple looking at house Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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The American Pageant Chapter 36 The Cold War Begins, Cover Slide Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

YALTA: 1945 Last meeting of the Big Three Stalin joins fight against Japan USSR gets Manchuria, Kuril, Sakhalin What is it? Pact? Agreement? Sell-out? Is it Versailles? Is it Munich? Or…?

TRUMAN TRUMAN REPLACES FDR VET OF WWI MISSOURI HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION COMES TO POLITICS AFTER FAILING AT BUSINESS WHO DOES HE REMIND YOU OF?

US V. USSR

Churchill and Truman, "Iron Curtain Speech," March 5, 1946 On March 5, 1946, former British prime minister Winston S. Churchill (1874– 1965) delivered a speech, which he intended for a worldwide audience, at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri. President Harry S. Truman (right) had encouraged Churchill (seated) to speak on two themes: the need to block Soviet expansion and the need to form the Anglo-American partnership. Always eloquent and provocative, Churchill denounced the Soviets for drawing an "iron curtain" across eastern Europe. This speech became one of the landmark statements of the Cold War. (Harry S. Truman Library) Churchill and Truman, "Iron Curtain Speech," March 5, 1946 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

New World Order (?) Nuremburg Trials: 1945 –Trial of Nazi and German Military Leaders –Foundations of International Human Rights New Crimes: –Crimes against Humanity –Crimes against Geneva Convention Division of Germany among “Big Four” –US, UK, USSR, and France –East and West Germany –Four Power Division of Germany –“Checkpoint Charlie”

Map: Cold War Germany Cold War Germany This map shows how Germany and Berlin were divided into occupation zones. Meant as temporary divisions, they became permanent, transformed by the Cold War into East and West Germany. In 1948, with the Berlin airlift, and again in 1961, with the erection of the Berlin Wall, Berlin became the flash point of the Cold War. With the end of the Cold War, the division of Germany also ended. In 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down, and in 1990 the two Germanies were re-unified. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Re-Building… BRETTON WOODS: 1944 IMF World Bank SAN FRANCISCO: 1945 UN Security Council WHO UNESCO FAO

Map: The Global Cold War The Global Cold War During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union faced each other as enemies. The United States attempted to construct a ring of containment around the Soviet Union and its allies, while the Soviets worked to expand their influence and power. This map shows the nature of this military confrontation - the bases, alliances, and flash points of the Cold War. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

American Deterrence “Containment Doctrine” George Kennan(AKA Mr. X) Truman moves to “Get tough with Russia” Truman Doctrine (and Domino Theory) Marshall Plan NATO Found. CIA, NSA, Dept. of Defense, Selective Service

Marshall Plan poster of ship The goal of the Marshall Plan was to provide American economic support for the rebuilding of Europe's economy. By the time the plan ended, the United States had provided over $12.5 billion dollars to those European nations participating in the European Recovery Program. This poster demonstrated that with cooperation, Europe would soon be moving forward again. (Courtesy of George C. Marshall Foundation) Marshall Plan poster of ship Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

TRUMAN DOCTRINE AKA “DOMINO THEORY” The peoples of a number of countries of the world have recently had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. The Government of the United States has made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation, in violation of the Yalta agreement, in Poland, Rumania, and Bulgaria. I must also state that in a number of other countries there have been similar developments. At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

The world is not static, and the status quo is not sacred. But we cannot allow changes in the status quo in violation of the Charter of the United Nations by such methods as coercion, or by such subterfuges as political infiltration. In helping free and independent nations to maintain their freedom, the United States will be giving effect to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. …the disappearance of Greece as an independent state would have a profound effect upon those countries in Europe whose peoples are struggling against great difficulties to maintain their freedoms and their independence while they repair the damages of war. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive. The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world -- and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own nation.

American Food for Hungry Europe Grateful English mothers line up for orange juice sent by the United States to assist Europeans devastated by the Second World War. (National Archives) American Food for Hungry Europe Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Berlin Air Lift--German children watching American planes bring food, 1948 German children watching an American plane in "Operation Vittles" bring food and supplies to their beleaguered city. The airlift kept a city of 2 million people alive for nearly a year and made West Berlin a symbol of the West's resolve to contain the spread of Soviet communism. ((c) Bettmann/Corbis) Berlin Air Lift--German children watching American planes bring food, 1948 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

What were the long-term consequences of the Berlin Airlift and the Marshall Plan?