MSc Group Project William Irwin Jeremy Laycock Andy ChengEwan Spence Roger Carter Group members :

 Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

 Investigate the potential for a net zero carbon urban community ◦ Defined geographical inner city district - Building interactions - Community energy use ◦ To look at the community as a whole  Identify target sectors ◦ Look at different schemes that can reduce carbon emissions in these areas  Innovative use of resources and waste Aims

 Cost-benefit sensitivity exercise over the whole community ◦ An assessment of the potential CO 2 savings of each scheme ◦ A comparison of each scheme based on cost per tonne of CO 2 saved  A methodology that is transferable to other urban communities Aims

Methodology

Geographic Area Dennistoun Population: 7000 Households: 3300 Electricity consumption: 44GWh per year Natural Gas consumption: 110GWh per year CO 2 emissions: tonnes

 Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

Areas of investigation

 Insulation, double glazing and airtightness  Boiler changes on private housing  Method ◦ Carry out a housing survey  Create base case matching data acquired ◦ Analysis using EDEM  Medium insulation (2002 reg.)  Gas condensing boiler  Sensitivity assessment of best scheme ◦ Required to be cost effective as well as reduce emissions Domestic Demand Reduction

 Large Wind Turbine ◦ 800kW/2MW Rated Turbines ◦ Placed on raised green space in area ◦ Generates electricity for brewery ◦ Analysis from Windpower and Merit  Photovoltaics ◦ Placed on rooftops of tenement blocks ◦ Used to meet electrical demand in blocks ◦ 3960W system ◦ Identified 440 sites ◦ Analysis carried out on Merit Renewable Energy Systems

 Biomass CHP plant ◦ Use fuel derived from waste in industry  Spent grain from brewery ◦ Microalgae used as biomass fuel ◦ Meets base load of heat and electricity of brewery ◦ Meets nearby heat for social housing  Anaerobic Digester ◦ Utilises human waste to make biogas  Locate in existing sewage plant  Part of a city scale development ◦ Biogas used as fuel Energy from Waste

 Microalgae ◦ Captures emissions from biomass plant ◦ Grown in flat panel photobioreactors ◦ Harvested to use as biomass  Urban woodland ◦ Plant trees in unused spaces in area ◦ Simplest form of Carbon Capture Carbon Capture and Sequestration

 Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

Scheme CO 2 saved per year (tonnes) Percentage of total community emissions saved (%) Energy from waste Tree planting Photovoltaics Wind turbine Demand reduction Biomass CHP  Of which, microalgae   0.8 Total CO 2 saving CO 2 Reduction

Scheme Capital cost (£s) Capital cost per tonnes CO 2 saved over 20 year lifecycle (£/tonnesCO 2 ) Tree planting5, Biomass8,840, Energy from waste67, Wind turbine2,500, Microalgae 547, Demand Reduction25,098, Photovoltaics9,240, Total Cost46,298,000 Economics

Summary of Results  Emissions reduced by: ◦ tonnes ◦ 41% of the community ◦ 71% within industrial and domestic  Capital cost of £46million

 Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

 Method transferable to other urban communities ◦ Evaluate requirements and resources of the community  Best Schemes ◦ Demand reduction and Biomass CHP best in terms of Carbon Reduction ◦ Biomass CHP is best value economically ◦ Other schemes have potential in the future  Innovate use of resources ◦ Investigate waste and fuel sources within the community Transferability

Photobioreactor CO 2 Anaerobic Digester CAFE GRID Community Energy Flow Brewery Biomass

 Approach specific to urban communities  Carbon reduction most effective with schemes related to heat demand  Difficult to achieve net zero carbon Conclusions

 An urban community cannot be thought of in isolation from the rest of the city or country  Transferable methodology  Significant reduction with potential future savings Conclusions

MSc Group Project