1. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Headquarter of Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany The Leading Role of Cities: The Frankfurt Energy Scenario Gerhard Stryi-Hipp Coordinator »Smart Energy Cities« Head of Energy Policy Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Member of the Seoul International Energy Advisory Council „The German Energiewende and its impact on cities and their hinterlands“ World Future Council Metropolitan Solutions, Berlin, 22 May 2015

2. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Headquarter of Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany R EGION C ITY Source: Fraunhofer ISE Wood trading Wood CHP HP gas CHP Import/Export Heat storage seasonal St SH Electricity storage short time St PV Distributer / Grid operatorConsumerGenerator Gas network Bio gas Heat demand island St SH HP el WS CHP HP gas * * * * Electricity demand Electricity grid Hydro Wind PV HP el H2H2 H2H2 Elyz CO 2 Meth Feeding in of H 2 Generator Bio gas Wood Hydro Wind PV Solar heat Geo thermal Heat demand network connected Solar heat Geo thermal Heat network Local / Regional Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energies Demand type i Generation type j Location k Demand type i Heating type j Location k Heat generators with * are alternativ (one generator per building), others are optional HP el/gas = Heat pump electric / gas driven, CHP = Combined heat and power, WS = Wood stove, St = storage, SH = Solar heat, Elyz = Elektrolyzer, Meth = Methanation Gas storage seasonal

3. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Actions by local government: Actions by research partner/consultant: Transformation strategy for urban energy systems 1. Decision on ENERGY TARGETS IMPLEMENTATION few lighthouse projects many small projects regular monitoring 5. Decision on a TARGET ENERGY SYSTEM 2. DATA gathering Demand profiles Supply potential current and forecasts 3. Simulation of ENERGY SYSTEM SCENARIOS Possible solutions 4. Assessment of ENERGY SYSTEM SCENARIOS 6. Development of the ENERGY ROADMAP Implementation plan 7. Monitoring concept development Process and targets 8. Decision on the ENERGY MASTER PLAN

4. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Way of proceeding to develop the roadmap towards a sustainable urban energy system Characteristics of sustainable urban and regional energy systems: High efficiency High share of fluctuating generation Decentral generation High interdependency of electricity, heating, cooling and mobility sectors Use of thermal and electrical stores  Temporal highly resolved modelling is needed to find the most cost- effective target energy system Way of proceeding: 1)Modelling target energy system 2050 2)Roadmap development by backwarding Roadmap robust, flexible Energy system 2014 Modelling Backwarding Energy system 2050

5. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Fraunhofer ISE developed the modeling tool »KomMod« to calculate optimized target energy systems for cities and regions Temporal highly resolved simulation of electricity, heat/cold, transport Questions answered: Cost-effective design of the energy system to achieve high share on renewable energy sources Possible energy system structures Necessary capacities on generation, grid and storage Necessary energy import/export to the city/region Investment and operation costs Example: Electricity supply and demand of one week in spring New modelling tool to find the most economic sustainable energy system

6. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 How the city of Frankfurt/Main could be supplied by 95% renewable energy from the region by 2050 ENERGY STRATEGY 1.Significant increase of efficiency (in generation, CHP, demand) 2.Maximal use of local renewable energy sources 3.Energy cooperation with region 4.Smart technologies: smart grid, storage, electric vehicles,... The city of Frankfurt/Main aims to be supplied by 100% renewable energy sources (RES) from the region by 2050 Fraunhofer ISE was asked to investigate, if this is possible and if yes, how The energy system (electricity, heating, cooling, local mobility) of Frankfurt/Main was captured, assumptions were made for energy demand and energy scenarios simulated for the target year 2050 Results 100% RES supply is possible, if the RES potential of the region is used 95% regional RES is much more economic, due to a lower storage capacity needed

7. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Federal state »Hessen« Structure of the energy system Frankfurt/M 2050 Based on 95% renewable energy sources regionally generated Surrounding region »FrankfurtRheinMain« City of Frankfurt am Main Generation on city area Consumer Building level District Local mobility Residential Services Industry 17% 32% 42% 9% 61% 21% 18% 22% 12% Heat Solar thermal 5276 GWh 100% Accumulators 2.3 GWh Electricity Export Import 22% 0,4% -18%10% Wind PV Hydro Accumulators 2.0 GWh 20% 84% 4964 GWh 100% Efficiency: Reduction of the energy demand from 2012 to 2050 - 64% - 53% - 11% - 78% - 10% - 79% - 72% From fossil fuels + electr. to electric vehicles only Result of a temporal highly resolved simulation (hourly basis). RES Potentials: All RE and waste potential of the city, 50% of the potential of the region and 11.6% of the potential of the federal state of Hessen from Wind und Biomass (= share of Frankfurt citizens of Hessen) All data final energy Heat pump CHP Boiler 24% District heating 42% and industry CHP 5%-5% 23% 17% 6% Waste Solid Biomass Biogas 36% Total generation 9759 GWh

8. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Conclusions Sustainable energy systems are key pillars of Smart Cities The transformation of urban energy systems should be planned and implemented in a systematic way New modelling tools help to find the most cost effective target energy system to achieve the energy targets of the city It is shown, how a sustainable energy system for Frankfurt/Main could be designed to achieve 95% renewable energy sources from the region

9. © Fraunhofer ISE 2015 Thank you very much for your attention! Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE Gerhard Stryi-Hipp gerhard.stry-hipp@ise.fraunhofer.de www.ise.fraunhofer.de