Cavaliers and Roundheads 4/21/2017 The English Civil War Cavaliers and Roundheads

Background Information 4/21/2017 Background Information Queen Elizabeth I (ruled 1558-1603) was popular with the people and this time was known as “The Golden Age” of England. After her death conflict arose between the crown and Parliament.

4/21/2017 James I (ruled 1603-1625) .James was the first Stuart King. He was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. .James believed in the Divine Right of Kings. .James spent a lot of money and was constantly asking Parliament for more money. .James ended the war with Spain and paid war repayments. .James tried to marry his son to a Catholic Spanish princess.

4/21/2017 James I (ruled 1603-1625) .James was against the Puritans and threatened to “harry them out of the land.” .1607 – Jamestown, Virginia was established as the first permanent English colony in America. .1611 – The King James Version of the Bible is printed. .1620 – The Pilgrims land on Plymouth Rock.

Charles I (ruled 1625-1647) .Married a Catholic. 4/21/2017 Charles I (ruled 1625-1647) .Married a Catholic. .Dissolved Parliament after not getting all the money he wanted to wage a war on France and Spain. .Forced landowners to “loan” him money or loose their land and be jailed. .Forced people to house soldiers in private homes. .Set up martial law, or rule by the military.

4/21/2017 Charles I (ruled 1625-1647) .Recalled Parliament in 1628 to get more money. The Petition of Right put four limits on the king .No taxes or loans without Parliament’s consent. .No prison without just cause. .No quartering without consent of the homeowner. .No martial law except in time of war.

Charles I (ruled 1625-1647) .Charles dissolves Parliament again. 4/21/2017 Charles I (ruled 1625-1647) .Charles dissolves Parliament again. .Charles makes William Laud the Archbishop of Canterbury. .Persecution of the Puritans. .The Great Migration –1630-1643 over 1,000,000 Puritans migrate to the American colonies.

4/21/2017 The Short Parliament .Charles tries to force the Scots to join the Church of England, starting a war with Scotland. .The Scots invade England. Needing money to supply the army, Charles recalls Parliament. .After three weeks, Charles dissolves this Parliament – The Short Parliament.

4/21/2017 The Long Parliament .Still needing money, Charles recalls Parliament again. This Parliament sits for 20 years – The Long Parliament. .The Irish rebel against Charles. .Charles arrests five leaders of Parliament who disagree with him. The English Civil War begins.

The Civil War The English Civil War broke out in 1642. 4/21/2017 The Civil War The English Civil War broke out in 1642. Cavaliers supported the king Roundheads supported Parliament. Oliver Cromwell led the New Model Army (England’s first Redcoats) to victory. Most of the army was made up of Puritans.

4/21/2017 The Commonwealth Cromwell purges Parliament of all who do not support him. The Rump Parliament. Charles I is beheaded, 1/30/1649. Parliament abolishes the monarchy and the House of Lords and declares England a republic, called the commonwealth.

Dictatorship Cromwell dispersed the Rump Parliament by force. 4/21/2017 Dictatorship Cromwell dispersed the Rump Parliament by force. Cromwell sets up a military dictatorship. Cromwell rules as a dictator for nine years.

4/21/2017 Restoration After the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, his son comes to power shortly, but has no support from the army. In 1660, Charles II is made king of England. The Church of England becomes the official church. Puritans and Catholics are persecuted.

James II When Charles II died in 1685, his brother James became king. 4/21/2017 James II When Charles II died in 1685, his brother James became king. James was a Catholic which upset the Anglicans who controlled Parliament. James’ two daughters, Mary and Anne, were Protestant. In 1688, James had a son. James was going to raise him as a Catholic.

The Glorious Revolution 4/21/2017 The Glorious Revolution William of Orange and his wife Mary (James II’s daughter) are invited to England to be King and Queen. James flees to France. With almost no bloodshed, the “Glorious Revolution” replaced one king with another.

The English Bill of Rights (1689) 4/21/2017 The English Bill of Rights (1689) William and Mary signed a Bill of Rights. Parliament had the right to make laws and levy taxes. Standing armies could only be raised with Parliaments consent. Right of citizens to bear arms. Right to a jury trial.

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4/21/2017 Conclusion The English Civil War, Commonwealth, Restoration, and Glorious Revolution made an England where the king would never rule by divine right, but by the consent of Parliament. This period in English history influenced the colonies in America who would later rebel against the king.