1. Settlement of the Great Plains, 1848 to 1890 Homestead Act of 1862 Conflicts with Native Americans U.S. Policy on Natives Broken Treaties and Relocation to Reservations Dawes Act of Americanize Native Americans Assimilation 2. The Cowboy Culture 3. Mining Industry Iron Ore for steel 3. Life on the Plains Agriculture backbone of American Economy

Tribes of the Great Plains  Sioux  Cheyenne  Crow  Arapaho  Kiowa

was a law developed in 1862 by Congress to promote settlement of the Great Plains.  Homestead Act was a law developed in 1862 by Congress to promote settlement of the Great Plains.  Government knew that Agriculture was to be impetus for American economy  Age 21 and the head of the family could have 160 acres of land if they improved it in five years  Cultivate land, raise livestock, build, etc.  The US Government wanted to encourage farming and ranching, and the Homestead Act allowed thousands of settlers to onto the plains.

Population Changes in the West, 1850 to 1900

A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD

 Differences in land ownership  Railroads  Settlers trespassing on Indian Land  Discovery of gold  Slaughter of the buffalo  Broken treaties

Promontory, Utah

May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah “The Wedding of the Rails” Central Pacific and Union Pacific May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah “The Wedding of the Rails” Central Pacific and Union Pacific

U.S. Policy on Native Americans

 Negotiate treaties to sell land to US  Americanization or assimilation  Adopt Christianity  White education  Individual land ownership  Adopt agriculture  Take away food source to force to Reservations = tracks of land

Map 13 of 45

Dawes Act of 1887 Americanization  Quicker Americanization  Assimilate, mainstreamed and absorbed into US society  A dopt Christianity and White education  Individual land ownership  Abandon tribe, culture and become farmers  Male claimed 160 acres of land (allotment)  Children would be sent to Boarding schools  Farm land for 25 years.  1924 gain citizenship and right to vote

1866 to 1900, the US supported the extermination of 11 million buffalo. General Sherman (Sherman’s march) knew that if the buffalo were gone, the US government could control Native Americans

Skull Take away the food source from the Native American and they will be forced to submit and go to the reservations. This will help make way for more railroads in the west Take away the food source from the Native American and they will be forced to submit and go to the reservations. This will help make way for more railroads in the west

G o l d ! Gold discovered in the Black Hills. Govt. tries to purchase the land, but the Sioux refuse. Gold miners refuse to respect Sioux land….. Conflict erupts! Gold discovered in the Black Hills. Govt. tries to purchase the land, but the Sioux refuse. Gold miners refuse to respect Sioux land….. Conflict erupts!

Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse were two chiefs who refused to sign the treaty. They defiantly left the reservation. "One does not sell the earth upon which the people walk" "One does not sell the earth upon which the people walk" Crazy Horse Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse were two chiefs who refused to sign the treaty. They defiantly left the reservation. "One does not sell the earth upon which the people walk" "One does not sell the earth upon which the people walk" Crazy Horse

Little Big Horn River, Montana George Armstrong Custer was sent to force the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho back to their reservations. He was in command of the 7 th Calvary. June 26, 1876 George Armstrong Custer was sent to force the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho back to their reservations. He was in command of the 7 th Calvary. June 26, 1876

The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876  He was heavily outnumbered and trapped.  Custer & all 220 of his men died.  “Custer’s Last Stand” outraged Americans and led to govt. retribution.  The Sioux and Cheyenne were crushed within a year.  He was heavily outnumbered and trapped.  Custer & all 220 of his men died.  “Custer’s Last Stand” outraged Americans and led to govt. retribution.  The Sioux and Cheyenne were crushed within a year.

Little Bighorn

Memorial-Little Bighorn

Crazy Horse Monument: Black Hills, SD

Battle of Wounded Knee – Dec.1890 Violence erupted, 300 Native Americans and 25 whites lay dead. This is the last of the Native American conflicts. Violence erupted, 300 Native Americans and 25 whites lay dead. This is the last of the Native American conflicts. Chief Big Foot

The dead of Big Foot's people were buried in a mass grave. The still frozen stiff bodies were dumped unceremoniously into the hole. The United States handed out over twenty Congressional Medals of Honor to soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry who had participated in the battle. The dead of Big Foot's people were buried in a mass grave. The still frozen stiff bodies were dumped unceremoniously into the hole. The United States handed out over twenty Congressional Medals of Honor to soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry who had participated in the battle. Battle of Wounded Knee – Dec.1890

Colt.45 Revolver and the Winchester Repeating Rifle “The weapons which won the West”

Legendary Gunslingers & Train Robbers Jesse James Butch Cassidy Billy the Kid Curly Bill Brocius

Legendary Female Western Characters Calamity Jane Annie Oakley

Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890

Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 This opened Native Territory to the settlers. What used to be Native American Territory out west was opened to Americans once they were finally on the reservation. State of Oklahoma would be formed. This opened Native Territory to the settlers. What used to be Native American Territory out west was opened to Americans once they were finally on the reservation. State of Oklahoma would be formed.