WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Medieval Africa: #7 Geography: Determine how geography and human interactions create culture and define regions Continue: #1 Economy: Recognize how universal economic concepts throughout the world influence economic behavior #6 Government Evaluate how and why people create and change systems of power #3 Society: Determine how societies change over time

Africa’s Geography  Draw Africa in your notebook  Show the four different climate zones  Desert  Mediterranean  Rain Forest  Savanna  Included bodies of water  Nile River  Indian Ocean  Atlantic Ocean  Mediterranean Sea

Your Live There  Pretend you live in Africa’s ……  What jobs could you have?  How do you get food?  What clothing would you wear?  Where are your houses? What are they made out of?  Challenges?  Strengths

Create in your notebook ;) FACTSFoodJobsClothingStrengt hs Weakness Rainforest Desert Savanna Mediterra nean

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Look at the colored sheets FACTSFoodJobsClothingStrengt hs Weakness Rainforest Desert Savanna Mediterra nean

Desert  A dry, barren area of land, esp. one covered with sand  Sahara- largest desert in the world

Savanna grassy, tree-dotted plain known for animals

Mediterranean A climate distinguished by warm, wet winters under prevailing westerly winds and calm, hot, dry summers.

Rain Forest dense forest found in tropical areas of heavy rainfall. The trees are broad-leaved and evergreen, and the vegetation tends to grow in three layers (undergrowth, intermediate trees and shrubs, and very tall trees, which form a canopy)

Can you answer?  How does Africa’s geography (desert, rainforest etc) affect Africans’ way of life?  Housing  Clothing  Jobs  Education  Travel

How do you come to power with these resources?  Senegal River  Savanna Climate  Iron Weapons  Had Gold  Needed Salt  People traveled through your area

The Rise of African Civilizations: Western African Empires Rise of Ghana Rise of Mali Rise of Songhai

The Rise of African Civilizations: Western African Empires Jigsaw? Rise of Ghana A crossroads of trade Traders to pass through had to pay a tax making Ghana rich Ghana made iron weapons to conquer Ghana built a huge army People would pay to trade salt/gold West Africans needed salt for food West Africans needed salt for their bodies Rise of Mali Rise of Songhai

The Rise of African Civilizations: Western African Empires Jigsaw? Rise of Ghana A crossroads of trade Traders to pass through had to pay a tax making Ghana rich Ghana made iron weapons to conquer Ghana built a huge army People would pay to trade salt/gold West Africans needed salt for food West Africans needed salt for their bodies Rise of Mali Downfall of Ghana Discovery of new gold mines outside their control reduced taxes Heavy farming robbed the soil of minerals Constant fighting Conquering Ghana Griots- storytellers Credit to Sundiata Keita- “Lion Prince” Seized the capital of Ghana Won control of the lands from Atlantic coast to Timbuktu Mali control Control of gold-mining Rebuild the gold and salt trade Rise of Songhai

The Rise of African Civilizations: Western African Empires Jigsaw? Rise of Ghana A crossroads of trade Traders to pass through had to pay a tax making Ghana rich Ghana made iron weapons to conquer Ghana built a huge army People would pay to trade salt/gold West Africans needed salt for food West Africans needed salt for their bodies Rise of Mali Rise of Songhai Downfall of Mali Following the death of Mansa Musa (last strong leader) Conquerors weren’t stopped by Mali leaders Seizing Power with Sunni Ali Stormed into Timbuktu and drove out Berbers Began a campaign of conquest using location Built the largest empire in West Africa Controlled the trade routes Downfall of Songhai Lasted more than 100 years flowing Sunni Ali’s death Army from Morococo with new technologies destroyed the empire

Rise of African Empires: Kingdoms of the Rain Forest Try at your table: Africa’s rain forest blocked invaders and provided reinforcements  Advantages  Artisans  Border kingdoms

Rise of African Empires: Kingdoms of the Rain Forest Africa’s rain forest blocked invaders and provided reinforcements  Advantages  Rain forest kept out invaders  Farmers enjoyed many natural advantages  Soil  Warm, wet climate  Some surplus provided  Artisans  Food surpluses supported the arts  Weavers, sculpting, carving  Border kingdoms  Traded copper, salt and leather goods for food

Rises of African Empires: East Africa Rise of Axum City –state of the empire Abyssinia Strength came from the Red Sea Lots of goods from the sea Allows for great trade Fighting for trade routes Fought Kush for trade routes inland King Ezana defeated the Kush armies New Religion Ezana brought Christianity to the area Islam followed 100 years later Coastal City- States Great Zimbabw e

Rises of African Empires: East Africa Rise of AxumCity –state of the empire Abyssinia Strength came from the Red Sea Lots of goods from the sea Allows for great trade Fighting for trade routes Fought Kush for trade routes inland King Ezana defeated the Kush armies New Religion Ezana brought Christianity to the area Islam followed 100 years later Coastal City- States Arab dhows (sails powered sailboats) allowed them to travel to Africa Arab Muslims settle in East African city-states Sharing of goods and ideas Trading ports rise up along the East coast Major connection in Indian Ocean trading Great Zimbabw e

Rises of African Empires: East Africa Rise of AxumCity –state of the empire Abyssinia Strength came from the Red Sea Lots of goods from the sea Allows for great trade Fighting for trade routes Fought Kush for trade routes inland King Ezana defeated the Kush armies New Religion Ezana brought Christianity to the area Islam followed 100 years later Coastal City-StatesArab dhows (sails powered sailboats) allowed them to travel to Africa Arab Muslims settle in East African city-states Sharing of goods and ideas Trading ports rise up along the East coast Major connection in Indian Ocean trading Great Zimbabwe Southeastern Africa Supplied gold, copper and ivory to East African coast Two kings Mutota and Matope Large empire stretching from south of Zambezi River to Indian Ocean Remains 300 stone buildings stand

Venn Diagram pgs  Create a venn diagram that shows:  Similarities  Differences  Between: Western Africa, Rain Forest, East Africa  Focus on Rise of the kingdoms  three facts for each kingdom  one similarity