1. the world’s largest desert

2. Sahara

3. the division of jobs and skills in a society

4. labor
specialization

5. Gold and ____ became valuable trading goods in West Africa.

6. salt

7. Which religion did merchants bring to Ghana?

8. Islam

9. oral historians and professional story tellers

10. griots

11. Which leader brought Islamic scholarship and law to Songhai?

12. Askia Muhammad

13. to exchange one good for another

14. barter system

15. a religious journey to the holy city of Mecca

16. pilgrimage

17. a large group of traveling Berbers and animals

18. caravan

19. raised flat region

20. plateau

21. Africa’s four main vegetation zones are the Mediterranean, desert, ______ and savanna.

22. rain forest

23. a broad grassland with scattered trees

24. savanna

25. What did traders use instead of horses to cross the Sahara?

26. camels

27. families of people related by blood or marriage

28. clan

29. trade across the Sahara

30. Trans-Saharan

31. Why were slaves considered valuable in Ghana?

32. they were traded for other goods

33. How did Ghana’s rulers become rich?

34. they controlled the gold and salt routes

35. An over dependence on trade, ___ and _____ caused Ghana to decline.

36. overpopulation and food shortage

37. Which type of government existed in African civilizations?

38. monarchy

39. What interrupted Ghana’s trade and weakened the monarchy?

40. Invaders

41. Which empire took over the territory of Ghana?

42. Mali

43. Which empire conquered Mali?

44. Songhai

45. Which empire conquered Songhai?

46. Moroccans

47. A government ruled by a king or queen

48. monarchy

49. I am an African king who united the people of Mali

50. Sundiata

51. a center for Islamic study and learning

52. Timbuktu

53. How did religion spread throughout Africa?

54. Merchants spread their religion

55. I took the title sunni and my name means Ali the Great

56. Sunni Ali

57. the holy book of Islam

58. Quran

59. Name three of the five African trading empires

60. Ghana Mali Songhai Axum Zimbabwe

61. The ___ conquered the Songhai empire.

62. Moroccans

63. Which religion was practiced in Axum?

64. Christianity

65. a person’s social class

66. caste

67. connection based on family relationships

68. kinship

69. a group of people descended from a common ancestor

70. lineage

71. shared culture, language and identity

72. ethnic group

73. wise sayings

74. proverbs

75. the spread of cultural beliefs and ideas from one group to another

76. cultural diffusion

77. How did Mansa Musa pilgrimage change the society?

78. Musa passed out so much gold that the price of gold fell

79. Which two goods were most important to early trading empires?

80. Gold and Salt

81. How did Askia Muhammad contribute to the expansion of education?

82. Askia Muhammad made Timbuktu a learning center and also set up schools and universities

83. Mansa Musa handed out gold as he made his pilgrimage to _______.

84. Makkah

85. As a leader, I took over Songhai and ordered local courts to follow Muslim laws. I also helped Timbuktu become an important center for Islamic learning.

86. Askia Muhammad

87. Give three examples of cultural diffusion in Africa.

88. Africans adopted Islamic laws, ideas, architecture, and religion.

89. Why was this city important to Mansa Musa?

90. All Muslims are expected to travel to Makkah at least once in their lifetime.

91. Learning to make weapons from ____ allowed early Africans an advantage over neighbors.

92. iron

94. Rain Forest

96. Savannah

98. Desert

100. Mediterranean

102. The Journey of Mansa Musa