Resources & Energy

BIG Ideas: People and other organisms use Earth’s resources for everyday living. People and other organisms use Earth’s resources for everyday living. People use energy resources, most of which originate from the Sun, for everyday living. People use energy resources, most of which originate from the Sun, for everyday living. The use of natural resources can impact Earth’s land, air, and water. The use of natural resources can impact Earth’s land, air, and water.

I. Resources Limited Limited Two categories: Two categories: –Renewable: can be replaced by nature at a rate close to the rate at which they are used –Nonrenewable: renewed very slowly or not at all

A. Renewable Resources Resources that can be replaced within a human’s lifetime Resources that can be replaced within a human’s lifetime Name a few resources that you think are considered renewable… Name a few resources that you think are considered renewable…

Water

Wind

Vegetation

Sunlight

B. NONrenewable Resources Resources that cannot be replaced once they are used Resources that cannot be replaced once they are used Name a few resources that you think are considered nonrenewable… Name a few resources that you think are considered nonrenewable…

Coal

Oil

Minerals

C. Formation of Ores Ores: Deposits of metals and non-metals that can be removed (mined) from the crust profitably. Ores: Deposits of metals and non-metals that can be removed (mined) from the crust profitably. Can you think of some examples? Can you think of some examples?

Examples of ORES: pyrite pyrite magnetite magnetite hematite hematite galena galena graphite graphite sulfur sulfur gold gold silver silver copper copper zinc zinc nickel nickel lead lead platinum platinum

Can you read this ?????

II. Fossil Fuels organic in origin (formed from living things) organic in origin (formed from living things) nonrenewable nonrenewable may cause pollution may cause pollution relatively cheap relatively cheap easy to use easy to use What fossil fuels do you know of? What fossil fuels do you know of?

Examples of Fossil Fuels: coal coal petroleum petroleum natural gas natural gas the main sources of energy for transportation, farming, and industry… the main sources of energy for transportation, farming, and industry…

A. Coal

Peat: brownish partially decomposed plant remains Peat: brownish partially decomposed plant remains Lignite: water and gases squeezed out into a denser material (brown coal) Lignite: water and gases squeezed out into a denser material (brown coal)

Bituminous Coal: formed as a result of pressure of more deposited sediment above (soft coal) Bituminous Coal: formed as a result of pressure of more deposited sediment above (soft coal) Anthracite: produced by extremely high temperatures and pressure; the hardest of all coals Anthracite: produced by extremely high temperatures and pressure; the hardest of all coals

Is anthracite most like an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock? Is anthracite most like an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock? WHY? WHY?

Bituminous coal and anthracite consist of 80-90% Carbon, and produce a great amount of heat when they burn Bituminous coal and anthracite consist of 80-90% Carbon, and produce a great amount of heat when they burn

coal

B. Petroleum and Natural Gas

Petroleum and natural gas are mixtures of hydrocarbons Petroleum and natural gas are mixtures of hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons formed from microorganisms that lived in oceans or lakes millions of years ago Hydrocarbons formed from microorganisms that lived in oceans or lakes millions of years ago Petroleum = oil = liquid hydrocarbons Petroleum = oil = liquid hydrocarbons Natural gas = hydrocarbons in gaseous form Natural gas = hydrocarbons in gaseous form

Crude Oil: unrefined petroleum Crude Oil: unrefined petroleum

Petrochemical: chemicals derived from petroleum Petrochemical: chemicals derived from petroleum –synthetic fabrics –medicines –tars –waxes –synthetic rubber –insecticides –chemical fertilizers –detergents –shampoos

III. Alternative Energy A. Solar Energy

1. Passive Systems greenhouses or home windows greenhouses or home windows no working parts no working parts

2. Active Systems solar collectors: glass boxes with tubes that circulate water solar collectors: glass boxes with tubes that circulate water sun heats the water as it moves through the tubes sun heats the water as it moves through the tubes

B. Geothermal Energy Energy from the heat of the Earth’s interior Energy from the heat of the Earth’s interior

Where water flows through rock heated by magma Where water flows through rock heated by magma Hot water (steam) results Hot water (steam) results Creates source for huge supply of energy Creates source for huge supply of energy 80% of homes in Iceland are heated geothermally 80% of homes in Iceland are heated geothermally

Generally used in areas of volcanic activity… Generally used in areas of volcanic activity…

C. Water and Wind Energy 1. Hydroelectric Energy: Energy made by moving water

11% of U.S. electricity is hydroelectric

2. energy from tides 3. energy from wind

D. Nuclear Energy D. Nuclear Energy 1. Nuclear Fission: a heavy nucleus divides, releasing large amounts of energy. Advantage: Advantage: –Does not produce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases Disadvantages: Disadvantages: –High operating costs –Concerns about radioactive wastes –Nuclear accidents

2. Nuclear Fusion: multiple atoms join together to form a heavier nucleus –The energy source of the future –Process that provides the sun and stars with energy to shine –Has been used to produce nuclear bombs –Not yet successfully controlled

E. Biomass Fuels derived from living things: Fuels derived from living things: –wood –field crops –fecal material

IV. Virginia’s Rock & Mineral Resources Coal  energy Coal  energy Gravel and crushed stone  road construction Gravel and crushed stone  road construction Limestone  making concrete Limestone  making concrete

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