1. Energy Resources:
Fossil Fuels

2. renewable resources: resources that can be replaced within a human lifetime or as they are used (months, years, or decades)

3. air, water, animals, & plants
Examples:
air, water, animals, & plants

4. Nonrenewable resource: resources whose supply is limited and cannot be replaced once used (takes millions of years to form)

5. examples: minerals, metals, fossil fuels

6. Energy Resources
fossil fuels: fuel formed from remains of living organisms
examples: coal, oil, natural gas
consists of compounds of hydrogen and carbons (hydrocarbons)
non renewable

7. carbonization: process in which plant material are changed into carbon
coal originated in swamps from remains of plants

8. peat: brownish-black material produced by decomposed plant remains

9. Types of coal:
lignite: brown coal; made from peat deposits covered by sediments with gases and water squeezed out

10. bituminous: soft coal; formed from lignite under pressure (most abundant)

11. anthracite: produced when folding of earth’s crust produces high temperature and pressure

12. Coal Formation Peat – partially decayed plant material
Lignite Coal – sedimentary rock (brown coal)
Bituminous Coal – sedimentary (soft coal)
Anthracite Coal – metamorphic (hard coal)

13. Observe an animation showing coal form.

14. Coal Fields in the U.S.
More than 70% of the coal mined today is used in electric power plants!

15. two environmental problems associated with mining and uses of coal:
1. soil erosion from strip mining
2. air pollution from sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere

17. Oil & Natural Gas Formation
animal & plant remains buried in ancient seas
sediments build up, burying remains
Organic remains turn into hydrocarbons under heat and pressure
materials are squeezed out of mud and move into bedrock where they are mixed with water
oil and gas float above water

18. products of petroleum:
gasoline, medicines, plastics, tars, waxes, synthetic rubber, insecticides, detergents, synthetic fertilizers, shampoos

19. Tar Sands & Oil Shales Oil Shale – Rock with waxy mixture of oil
Tar Sands - Mixture of clay, sand, water, and thick tar (oil)

20. Formation of Mineral Deposits
ore: deposits of minerals from which metals and nonmetals can be removed profitably

21. Hydrothermal Solutions form some of the most important mineral deposits

22. examples:
Fe--> magnetite and hematite
Hg--> cinnabar
Al--> bauxite

23. Observe common objects made of minerals.
Complete Student Mineral Research Presentations