Non-renewable Energy Resource Monday - Day 1 Oil Non-renewable Energy Resource

Objectives: What are the different forms and sources of energy What sources of energy are renewable or non-renewable energy? What are fossil fuels? Oil Sands Lab: Alberta Energy

Classifying Energy Forms Potential Kinetic Gravitational Potential – energy due to the position of an object. Chemical Potential – energy present within the chemical bonds of a substance. Elastic potential – energy of a stretched or compressed object. Nuclear potential – energy of particles inside an atomic nucleus. Radiant solar energy – the motion of EMR Sound energy – the motion of sound waves Electrical energy – the motion of flowing electrons Thermal energy – the motion of particles

Sources of Energy: How do we Produce Energy for our Needs? Originate From Solar Energy Do NOT Originate from Solar Energy Direct solar (e.g. photovoltaic panels) Biomass (e.g. wood, manure, ethanol) Hydro Wind Fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, petroleum) Tidal and wave Geothermal Nuclear fission

Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy & Energy Transformations What are the differences? Non-renewable energy sources: Renewable energy sources: are extracted from the Earth as resources that are finite and may last, at most, for a few hundred years are continuously replenished or renewed by energy from the Sun are considered renewable because they will last indefinitely

Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are considered to originate from solar energy because they are the remains of ancient biomass that was buried and did not completely decompose. Fossils fuels include coal, natural gas, and petroleum.

Fossil Fuels

The conditions on Earth that created fossil fuels are no longer present, so fossil fuels are a non- renewable resource. The energy transformation that occurred to produce fossil fuels is: Radiant solar energy -> chemical potential energy

Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels 1. Fossil fuels must first be extracted.

Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels 2. The fuel must then be burned. The energy transformation that occurs during this stage is : chemical potential energy -> thermal energy

Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels 3. The heat from burning the fuel is used to produce steam and turn a turbine. The energy transformation that occurs during this stage is : thermal energy -> kinetic energy (spinning turbine)

Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels 4. The spinning turbine is hooked to a generator with a coil of wire and a magnet The energy transformation that occurs during this stage is : kinetic energy (spinning turbine) -> electrical energy

Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels The energy transformation that occurs in a coal-fired power plant is: chemical potential energy -> thermal energy -> kinetic energy (spinning turbine) -> electrical energy

Advantages of Using Fossil Fuels to Generate Energy Dependable Existing infrastructure Easier to contain and/or transport than other sources Cheaper than some other sources Fossil-fuel plants can be built anywhere

Disadvantages of Using Fossil Fuels to Generate Energy Pollution – SOx(g), NOx(g), particulates, and CO2(g) Non-renewable Spills and leaks = environmental damage Many sources are from politically unstable countries

Alberta Oil Oil sands

New English Words ? Mine mine Bitumen bitumen Asphalt asfalt Froth Vial Equilibrium mine bitumen asfalt skum Hetteglass equilibrium

Fort McMurray & Athabasca region (about 450 km’s north of Edmonton)

Oil Sands Facts: The oil sands deposits contain 1.7 trillion barrels of bitumen. This oil potential is greater than the oil reserves of Saudi Arabia. Challenge: Try to recover as much bitumen as possible from the sand.

Where is the oil . . .really? Have one of your group members obtain a small sample of oil sands on a glass plate. Use a microscope to get a closer look. Where is the oil? In your groups come up with as many ideas about how you could remove the oil from the sand.

Oil Sands Field trip https://www.dropbox.com/s/gj5c13hu9c9iryw/Oilsands%20field%20trip%201.m4v

Oil Sands: Science in the Sand Activity Procedure: Safety: Do not overheat the vials—they may explode from air pressure. Be cautious with the hot water (and glass). Wear safety glasses and a laboratory apron. 1. Obtain 2 glass vials and mark them for temperature (one at 20 oC & 60 oC). 2. Measure out 3 cm of oil sands into each vial. 3. Measure out 3 cm of pH 9 solution into each vial.

4. Place the “60 oC” vial vertically in an empty 150 mL beaker 4. Place the “60 oC” vial vertically in an empty 150 mL beaker. Place the “20 oC” vial vertically on the counter top. 5. Add enough boiling water (e.g., 100 mL) to three-quarters immerse the 60 oC vial (to a controlled height) for about 5 min (for an equilibrium temperature of about 60 oC). 6. Measure and record the temperature of the water in the bath/beaker at the equilibrium.

7. Remove the vial by grasping the plastic cap and avoiding the hot water. 8. Wrap several layers of paper towel around each (20 oC and 60 oC) vial and hold tightly. 9. Shake the vials for 45 s horizontally and 15 s vertically and set it to settle for 5 min. 10. Record evidence of the relative quantity of bitumen froth, water colour, bitumen layer on the sand, and bitumen bits in the sand.

Problem: Tailings Ponds https://www.dropbox.com/home/Norway/G1%20Oilsands%20Extraction