1. E87 - Vocabulary Risk – The chance that something unfavorable, such as injury or death, will occur because of a particular action or event.

2. E88 Vocabulary Evidence – observations or data to support a statement, hypothesis, or point of view Risk Trade off - An exchange of one thing for another. Give up something that is benefit or an advantage. It always involves balancing benefit vs risk

3. D53 Vocabulary Energy: the ability to cause an object to change, move or work Trade off: An exchange of one thing for another. Give up something that is benefit or an advantage. It always involves balancing benefit vs risk

4. D54 - Vocabulary Energy transfer- the transfer of energy from one object to another Energy transformation – the change of energy from one type to another, such as potential energy to kinetic energy Gravitational potential energy- energy stored due to an object’s mass and height Potential energy- Energy of position or stored energy

5. D55 Roller Coaster Energy - Vocabulary 1. Friction: A force that exists at the boundary between any two objects that are in contact with each other. 2. Thermal energy: Energy that is transferred from a warm object to a cooler object. 3. Gravitational potential energy: Energy stored due to an object’s mass and height.

6. D55 - Vocabulary 4. Kinetic energy: Energy of motion. 5. Potential energy: Energy of position or stored energy. 6. Variable: A changing factor. In an experiment, the variable is what is studied, such as the effect of the concentration of salt on the growth of plants. We would change the salt concentration (the variable) in the experiment, while trying to keep all other factors the same.

7. D56 Shake the Shot - Vocabulary 1. One way to gather data is through observations. Accurate and complete observations are important to making conclusions about the natural world. 2. Students use mathematics in scientific inquiry. 1. Heat: The movement of thermal energy from hot to cold. 2. Temperature: A measure of molecular motion, generally using a Fahrenheit (F) or Celsius (C) scale. D56 Shake the Shot – Key Concepts

8. D57 Vocabulary Efficiency: The ratio of useful energy that is released by a process to the total energy absorbed by the process. Energy transfer Energy transformation Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can be transferred or transformed but cannot be lost or destroyed. Scientific law: phenomenon of nature that occurs repeatedly, whenever certain conditions exist. It is also called a natural law.

9. D58 Follow the Energy - Vocabulary 1. Chemical energy: A type of potential energy where the energy is stored in the bonds of atoms. 2. Elastic energy: Potential energy that is stored by stretching or compressing. 3. Electrical energy (current): Movement of energy and charge from one place to another. 4. Electrical energy (static): Energy stored by the buildup of charge (electrons or ions).

10. D58 Follow the Energy - Vocabulary 5. Light: A type of kinetic energy that is transferred by the rapid movement of electromagnetic fields. 6. Nuclear energy: A type of potential energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom. 7. Sound: A form of energy that is transferred through air, water and many solid materials by the vibration of an object.

11. D60 Key Concepts 1. Heat moves in predictable ways. 2. Scientists propose explanations for questions about the natural world, and engineers propose solutions relating to human problems, needs, and aspirations. D60 Vocabulary 1.Insulation: A material that is used to slow down or prevent the flow of heat or electricity through it. 2. Insulator Any material that is resistant to the flow of heat or electricity.

12. D61 Vocabulary Heat – the movement of thermal energy from hot to cold. Temperature- a measure on molecular motion that uses the units degrees Fahrenheit ( o F) or degrees Celsius ( o C)

13. D62 - Vocabulary Exothermic reaction – A chemical reaction characterized by the production and release of heat. Endothermic reaction – A chemical reaction characterized by the absorption of heat.

14. D63- Vocabulary calorie – A unit of measure for heat. Specifically, the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius. calorimeter - A device that measures the amount of chemical energy is a material. Calorie – 1000 calories or 1 kcal. Unit of measure to relate the amount of energy available in a sample of food.

15. D64 Electricity Generation - Vocabulary 1.Advantage: A property that, in your opinion, is good. 2. Biomass: Material from living things, such as plants and animals, that is used as a source of fuel. 3. Disadvantage: A property that, in your opinion, is not good. 1.Advantage: A property that, in your opinion, is good. 2. Biomass: Material from living things, such as plants and animals, that is used as a source of fuel. 3. Disadvantage: A property that, in your opinion, is not good.

16. D64 Electricity Generation - Vocabulary 4. Fossil fuel: - produced from formerly living plant materials that were -buried within the earth over millions of years of time. - They were changed by heat and pressure Natural gas, petroleum, and coal 4. Fossil fuel: - produced from formerly living plant materials that were -buried within the earth over millions of years of time. - They were changed by heat and pressure Natural gas, petroleum, and coal

17. D64 Electricity Generation - Vocabulary 5. Generator: A machine for making electricity, -generally by the circular movement of a turbine, -driven by steam or water, and connected to a magnet that revolves inside another magnet. -When a magnet moves inside another magnet, an electric current results. -This current can be transmitted for immediate use, or stored for later use. 5. Generator: A machine for making electricity, -generally by the circular movement of a turbine, -driven by steam or water, and connected to a magnet that revolves inside another magnet. -When a magnet moves inside another magnet, an electric current results. -This current can be transmitted for immediate use, or stored for later use.

18. D64 Electricity Generation - Vocabulary 6. Hydroelectric power: Energy is generated by moving water which turns the blades of a turbine, which generates electricity. 7. Non-renewable resources: Materials that cannot be easily or quickly replaced by natural systems, such as petroleum, coal, natural gas, and many minerals. 6. Hydroelectric power: Energy is generated by moving water which turns the blades of a turbine, which generates electricity. 7. Non-renewable resources: Materials that cannot be easily or quickly replaced by natural systems, such as petroleum, coal, natural gas, and many minerals.

19. D64 Electricity Generation - Vocabulary 8. Power plant: A facility that transforms energy into electricity and distributes it to the surrounding area. 9. Renewable resource: A source of material that can easily be produced again and again in nature, such as wood, solar and hydroelectric power, and food crops. 10. Solar energy: Energy that comes from the sun. 8. Power plant: A facility that transforms energy into electricity and distributes it to the surrounding area. 9. Renewable resource: A source of material that can easily be produced again and again in nature, such as wood, solar and hydroelectric power, and food crops. 10. Solar energy: Energy that comes from the sun.

20. D64 Electricity Generation - Vocabulary 11. Turbine: Any of many machines that use kinetic energy from moving wind, water, steam, or gas to generate mechanical energy. A turbine is made of paddles, buckets, or blades attached to a wheel that turns to produce mechanical energy. Turbines can be used to drive electric generators that transform the mechanical energy into electrical energy. 12. Wind energy: Energy from the wind that causes a turbine to turn in order to generate electricity. 11. Turbine: Any of many machines that use kinetic energy from moving wind, water, steam, or gas to generate mechanical energy. A turbine is made of paddles, buckets, or blades attached to a wheel that turns to produce mechanical energy. Turbines can be used to drive electric generators that transform the mechanical energy into electrical energy. 12. Wind energy: Energy from the wind that causes a turbine to turn in order to generate electricity.

21. D65 Chemical Batteries - Vocabulary 1. Battery: A device used to provide electrical energy. It is made up of two or more chemical cells that generate a direct current through a chemical reaction. 2. Electrolyte A solution or pure liquid substance that forms ions to conduct an electrical current. 3. Electrochemical energy The potential electrical energy that is the result of a chemical reaction.

22. D66 Connecting Circuits - Vocabulary 1. Circuit: A path along which electrical energy can transfer. 2. Parallel circuit: A circuit in which the components are set up so that the electrical energy has more than one conducting path from the electrical source. 3. Series: Anything that consists of a set of successive components arranged end-to-end. See series circuit. 4. Series circuit: A circuit in which the components of the circuit are connected in succession to the power source so there is only one path for the electrical energy in the circuit.