 Was born John Ronald Reuel (JRR) Tolkien in modern day South Africa.  Moved to England at a young age.  After fighting in World War I, he started create his own language called. Middle Earth.  Languages based in Anglo-Saxon, Welsh, and Finnish roots.  In the early 1930s, he started to write the first chapters of the Hobbit.  In 1973, he died of pneumonia.

 Fantasy literature is probably the oldest genre of fiction writing in the world.  Fantasy literature has its roots in the fairy tale or folk tale, should do one of these:  1). To teach a lesson (i.e.: the tortoise and the hare),  2). To explain the unexplained or unexplainable (i.e.: creationist stories like the Book of Genesis),  3) Allow the audience to connect with the characters in a way that would make them feel better about their daily lives (i.e.: the story of Cinderella).

 In fantasy literature, we see several types of reoccurring themes or elements.  Things that may look different from book to book but which represent the same thing called “archetypes.”

 The quest (including the struggle of good vs. evil)  The family (or party)  The hero  The villain  The monster (may also be the villain)  The god-figure  Animals  The father figure (or wise man)  The mother figure (or wise woman)  The child (bildungsroman – child to mature)  The fool  The maiden

 Do Now:  Take out your notebook and novel.  ***SEATS ARE GOING TO BE MOVED*** Answer this in your notebook: Based on your reading of the first chapter, what are some key ideas from this chapter. You may list them. HOMEWORK: Read Chapter 2 for discussion tomorrow and Thursday. TEST ON SAT VOCABULARY, CH 1 AND 2 FRIDAY

 How an author shows the parts of a play/novel. 1. Exposition 2. Rising Action 3. Climax (Turning Point) 4. Falling Action 5. Resolution (denouement)  Does the novel also have a beginning, middle, end?  So, do we say it has 3 or 5 parts altogether?

1. What did Bilbo first say to Gandalf? 2. Which dwarf arrived at Bilbo's house first? 3. Name ALL dwarfs from the first chapter. 4. What was Bilbo's job going to be? 5. What is the name of the wizard?

 Dwalin  Balin  Kili  Fili  Dori  Nori  Throin  Oin  Ori  Gloin  Bifur  Bofur  Bombur.

Answer these questions in your notebook: 1. What creatures do we meet during this part of the novel? 2. How does Gandalf help Bilbo during a time of trouble? TEST FRIDAY on SAT Vocabulary words from last week, introduction information from notes, Ch. 1 & 2 of book.

 Where the story take place.  General setting for this novel is Middle- earth, an area with certain people, plants, customs etc.  First vision is Bilbo’s hobbit hole, built by his father (with mom’s money) (page , show the trolls)  The setting can create conflicts, solve problems, create hardships.  Page 1 gives you an idea of Bilbo’s character.

 The feeling of a play/novel shows the mood.  The setting can greatly affect a character’s mood.  The affect the setting has on a characters mood can foreshadow that might be happening soon or later in literature.

 Create a 3-column chart like this one:  Look in Chapter 1 & 2 for examples, and based on what you see, fill in the chart. Page NumberSetting Description How it may/does affect the story

 Finish up your charts from yesterday, you should have 3-4 examples. Homework: TEST TOMORROW ON SAT VOCABULARY, INTRODUCTION TO THE NOVEL AND CHAPTER 1 & 2. YOU MUST BRING A PENCIL AND PEN TO CLASS, NO EXCEPTIONS!

 A character is someone or something whose actions, ideas, thoughts and influence develop the plot.  Most characters are either the protagonist or antagonist.  Characterization are techniques that a write uses to reveal the personality of characters to the reader.

 Words: comments from the narrator, dialogue by others about the character.  Thoughts: what’s going in their mind, motives, choices.  Appearance: physical and clothing (Gandalf’s white beard can be symbolic for wisdom).  Action: what they do  Interactions: how they relate to others  Names: symbolic  Setting: items, furnishing (what they see around them)  Change/Development: change that the character goes through.

1. Which techniques does Tolkien use to characterize the trolls? 2. What does the name “Bilbo Baggins” mean to you? 3. How does Thorin interact with others? 4. What changes do you see so far in the story to Bilbo? 5. How would you characterize Gandalf and his role in the adventure so far?

 Take out your essays, I AM NOT TAKING LATE ONES   HOMEWORK: 1. Finish reading Ch Quiz MONDAY April 2 nd on Ch. 3 & 4. Including notes and novel work.

 Rhetoric means either the art of persuasion on an audience or the techniques used by a writers in their craft.  Usually called “figures of speech.”  Throughout the novel, Tolkien uses these figures of speech to help sentence structure and give deeper meaning to the words.

 Some of these include: 1. Simile – using like or as, or as if 2. Metaphor – comparing two different things 3. Hyperbole – exaggeration or overstatement 4. Personification – giving human characteristics to inanimate things. 5. Onomatopoeia – words that echo the meaning they represent.  Idioms – expressions the meaning of which can’t be figured out from the words themselves.

1. Find three similes from Ch. 1-4 and write down the quote and the page number. 2. Write the meaning of the following idioms: - Time out of mind, pg. 2 - Going off into the Blue, pg Put your foot in it, pg A nice pickle they were all in, pg Caught their eyes, pg. 39

 Finish your 3 similes to share with the class in your notebook. HOMEWORK: Quiz on Monday April 2 nd on Ch. 3 & 4 including notes from Powerpoints.

 How the narrator participates in sharing the story is called point of view.  There are five types of point of views: 1. First Person POV 2. Second Person POV 3. Third Person POV 4. Omniscient 5. Limited

 First person: Narrator is present or involved (uses I).  Second person: narrator speaks to the reader as you, and addresses the reader directly, as speaking together (you).  Third person: separate from the action and tells from a greater distance (he, she, it).  Omniscient: knows all the actions even what’s going on in a character’s mind.  Limited: knows only the perspective of one character.

 The Hobbit shows the narrator sometimes addresses the reader directly  Sometimes gives third- person omniscient narration.  Authors do this for the purpose of conveying the story.

YOU MUST FIND 2 EXAMPLES OF EACH:  Find 2 nd person POV on pages 2, 3, OR 19  Shows Bilbo’s inner thoughts or feelings on page 50, 57 or 59

Answer this in your notebook:  Do you know any riddles? If yes, what is it? What is the point of riddles? HOMEWORK: MAKE SURE YOU HAVE READ ALL OF CHAPTER 5 & 6. QUIZ TOMORROW.

 Who does Bilbo meet?  What does Gollum win?  What does Bilbo win?  How does Bilbo get away from Gollum?  What do the dwarves think of Bilbo when he reappears after being missing?  What creatures will come back after the dark?  What new creatures do we meet?  What do these two set of creatures do?  Who comes to save the day?

 Conflicts make us wonder if the protagonist will attain his or her goal.  They can be internal or external conflicts. 1. Internal: desires, values, personality traits, and/or motives. 2. External: something or someone outside of him or herself. Problems with society, nature, ideas or force (good & evil)

 What is the main conflict in this story?  What was the main internal and/or external conflict in this chapter (think Gollum & Bilbo).  Do you remember any other conflicts thus far in our reading?

 Take out your novels and notebooks. HOMEWORK: read the rest of chapter 7 for homework due tomorrow.

 What large formation do the eagles take the party to?  Explain what Beorn is?  What is Beorn’s estate like?  Describe Gandalf’s plan for approaching Beorn for help.

 Take out your novel and notebook – write a small summary of what happened at the end of chapter 7.  Homework: In-class assignment due Monday, April 23 rd

 Recordings from a person’s point of view.  Can be linked to the present, past, including hopes, dreams, and plans for the future.  Diaries can be objective, or very personal.  Diary writing is normally informal, and don’t follow the rules of grammar, punctuation, including private abbreviations.  People also add other quotes, lyrics, meaning phrases.  Some people also doodle or add pictures.

 You will be creating FOUR journal entries on a character of your choice, 10 or more sentences each.  You can write one for several chapters.  Feel free to write it HOWEVER you want, CREATIVITY IS PART OF THIS GRADE.  YOU MUST stay in character.  I must be able to read your writing, however, use different types of fonts.  Adding pictures, typing this, etc. will help your grade.  Due Monday April 23 rd

 Take out loose leaf for quick quiz HOMEWORK: One page description of your character traits (will understand at the end of class). Explain how his behavior varies along the continuum that you identified.

 Character traits can be absolute, either always or always not having them.  Ex. A character can be greedy.  Depending on the situation, they may be seen more or less greedy.  Variations in characteristics traits can view a more realistic view of the complex thing of a character.  Can be seen on a continuum.

Hospitable Inhospitable Bilbo Ch. 1: Initial greeting is polite and welcoming. By the end, his welcoming is tested by the 13 dwarves in the house, and can be seen too as rude.  You can say that Bilbo is or isn’t hospitable would not come near to telling the whole story.

 Choose two of the four continuums. Write a 3-5 sentence paragraph as the character move from one to another trait during the book. 1. Generosity --- selfishness (Bilbo, dwarves) 2. Uncertainty--- self-confidence (Bilbo) 3. Honesty --- deception (Gollum, Bilbo) 4. Leadership--- release of responsibility (Bilbo, Gandalf, Thorin)

 Take out your novels and notebooks, today’s date is APRIL 26 th. HOMEWORK: TEST TOMORROW on SAT vocabulary & The Hobbit Chapters 7-9. ****BRING PENCIL, PEN AND LOOSE LEAF****

 Group travel through Mirkwood.  Bombur falls into water, and falls asleep  Awakes to see wood king having food feast.  After trying to get through forest in darkness, Bilbo gets lost.  Bilbo falls asleep, get wrapped in cobwebs by spiders.  Takes out his dagger called “Sting” and cuts out himself and dwarves.  Spiders return and Bilbo uses ring to help.  Thorin becomes missing, Elvenking captured him and imprisons him.

 Irony is the opposite of what is expected occurs.  Used to create interest or surprise.  Three types of irony: 1. Verbal 2. Dramatic 3. Situational

 Verbal – what is said is different from what its meant. Ex. Page 159 – Bilbo tries to insult the spiders calling them “Tomnoddy,” but sounds more stupid & silly than insulting.  Dramatic- knowledge available to the reader, but character are unaware of it. Ex. Page 68 – Bilbo has the ring “it was the turning point of his career, but he did not know it.” We know, Bilbo doesn’t.  Situational – from POV of character or reader, when something is expected with a great deal of certainty doesn’t happen. Ex. Page Bilbo pick pocketing

1. Think of any two examples of irony from any literature or real life situations. 2. Find an examples of irony on page Find an example of irony on page 173.

Take out your notebooks and something to write with. HOMEWORK: read all of chapter 13

 Reference: mention of something outside the work you are currently reading. Normally, from a person, such as a quote.  Allusion: indirect reference –one that you need to recognize as a reference without the author telling you that it is one. Ex. “as we know so well from Homer”  Makes the reader see connections from other texts of people that inspire that writer.

 Not all allusions support or reinforce the meaning of the text.  Parody: special type of allusion that recalls to mind something in order to make fun of it.  Seen through imitation coupled with exaggeration and contrast.  Tolkien was inspired by Beowulf, an Old English epic poem.

 Take out a piece of paper and write your name on it

 Bilbo steals Smaug’s treasure cup – eats the ponies in anger and revenge.  Company hides in a secret passageway.  Smaug senses Bilbo, even though invisible.  Answered Smaug in riddles, just as Gollum.  Smaug leaves in anger, causing an avalanche trapping the company inside.

 Smaug realizes Bilbo connected to the town, and goes to wreck vengeance.  Run to the treasure and Bilbo takes the Arkenstone, an important gem, and hides it from Thorin.  Thorin guides the dwarves out of the cave by the River Running.  Must stop due to hunger and lack of sleep.  Birds communicating in the area years ago will foreshadow following chapters.

 Take out your novel and notebook, open to 257.  TAKE OUT YOUR BIOPOEM DUE TODAY – NO PAPER = ZERO HOMEWORK: read up to page 274.

 Smaug destroys Lake-town.  The thrush (bird) tells Bard to go for his weak spot with the arrows.  Smaug dies.  Bard send for the Elvenking to help assistant.  Townspeople head to mountain for the treasure, and assume Thorin and company are dead.

 Roac, a raven, informs the dwarves that Smaug is dead, and men and elves are coming for the treasure.  Roac gives the company two thoughts: 1. Keep faith in the Bard. 2. Peace will cost them gold.  Thorin rejects Roac’s advice and sends for Dain, Thorin’s cousin for help.  Men and elves arrive, start beginning of a future battle between two different groups.

 Bilbo hides the Arkenstone from everyone; realizes that he must take action.  Bilbo presents the Arkenstone to Elvenking and Bard as a bargaining tool to try to avoid war.  Bilbo earns Elvenking’s respect.  Gandalf appears to congratulate Bilbo on his actions.

Directions: Look through Chapter 16 “A Thief in the Night.” Find the following definitions, write the sentence you find it in, and its meaning: EX: Bade pg. --- “Whatever the sentence” – meaning of 1. Bade 2. Avenged 3. Lest 4. Besets 5. Daresay 6. Rouse 7. Sentinels 8. Comely 9. Thrice

 Thorin becomes enraged that Bilbo has the Arkenstone, and tells him to leave immediately.  When Gandalf announces that the goblins and wolves are on their way, Elvenking, Bard and Dain join forces.  After realizing that the opposing troop is too strong, Bilbo spots the eagles for their help and he gets knocked unconscious by the stone they drop.

 When Bilbo awakes, he is alone.  Meet Gandalf who says that Thorin is dying.  Thorin tells Bilbo that his “values are higher than his own.”  Fili and Kili are dead.  Beorn arrives in his bear form, and takes injured Thorin away.  Thorin is buried with the Arkenstone and Orcrist.  Dain becomes King under the Mountain.  Bilbo pays back the Elvenking for all he’s done.

 Bilbo and Gandalf hear a song by the elves as they return home.  They contrast the beauty of nature with the inferior qualities of wealth.  As Bilbo reaches his house, realizes someone said he is “presumed dead” and his furniture is on auction.  Buys all his materials back.  Sits home and writes a memoir (which could be the book we just read).  Gandalf and Balin appear to say they rebuilt Dale and Lake-town now prospers.  Bilbo, once a little fellow, has hand in making prophecies come true in the world.

 Theme is often a generalization about life or human behavior or values.  Can be the author’s insights about an idea.  Theme can be carried with the titles, and character’s first and last words.  The Hobbit has a double plot – story of Bilbo’s internal journey & literal journey with the company.

 Name AT LEAST 3 themes in this novel, and include DETAILED explanation for this idea.  HINT: Look at the following pages or sections. 1. Thorin’s last words 2. Gandalf’s last words 3. Bilbo on page 302