1. DO NOW: To be completed in your journal in the next 10 minutes 1. Write down the name of your favorite TV show. For example: “The Simpsons” 2. Next, summarize an episode from this TV show. Include as many details as you can.

2. English 9 Academic The Short Story

3. Elements of a short story A series of related events Beginning = Plot = Exposition Middle End = Conflict = Climax and Resolution of “Denouement” The skeleton of plot is known as the plot line

4. Plot Line Exposition Rising Action Conflict or Climax Falling Action Resolution includes the setting - reveals a great deal about characters - sets mood and tone; affects the way reader feels

5. Conflict External Man v. Man Man v. Nature Man v. Society Internal Man v. Himself Man v. Fate (God) What is the conflict in Speak?

6. Elements of a short story Character A person or animal within a play or story In your journal list a few characters in your TV show. Describe each character. Do you know a lot about him/her? Is he/she good or bad?

7. Character continued... protagonist = main character antagonist = character or force in conflict with the protagonist

8. Character motivation Reason that explains why a character thinks, feels, behaves or acts in a certain way. Character and detail from text Character actions Character feelings Character thoughts Character motivation “I get out of bed and take down the mirror. I put it back in my closet, facing the wall.” Takes a mirror off the wall Sadness She doesn’t want to look at herself She’s been raped and feels guilty and/or loathsome

9. Character considerations: There are five (5) considerations for creating a character: - Appearance -Speech -Thoughts -Actions -Other character’s feelings

10. Elements of s short story Characterization The process of revealing the personality of a character in a story is called characterization.

11. Characterization When the writer tells the reader directly what kind of person the character is = When the reader has to use his or her own judgment to identify personality traits = Direct characterization Indirect characterization Bill is a liar and a cheater. What do we know about Bill? How do we know it? Sally is not looking forward to wearing a pink frilly dress. What do we know about Sally? How do we know?

12. Characterization continued... What is the difference between these two bicycle tires? What might be the difference between a flat character and a round character?

13. Flat and Round characters Round character = Characters who seem like real people and who have many sides to their personalities. They are detailed enough to seem real and tend to be more developed physically, mentally, and emotionally. Flat character = Characters who don’t seem like real people. They often have fewer sides to their personalities. They tend to be minor characters who are “stock” characters such as the stereotypical “ditz,” tough guy, class clown, etc.

14. More characterization... Static = characters that stay the same. Dynamic = characters who experience dramatic change

15. Point of view (POV) Why might a camera man/woman take a picture from a particular angle? Similarly, writers can fix their readers’ attention on exactly the detail, opinion, or emotion the author wants to emphasize by manipulating the POV.

16. Point of View The vantage point from which the author has purposefully chosen to tell a story.

17. POV continued... First person = one of the characters is actually telling the story using the pronoun “I” Third person = Narrator is an outside storyteller -limited (narrator only knows one character’s thoughts and feelings) -omniscient “All knowing” NOTE: The narrator is not always the author!

18. Symbolism Anything that stands for or represents something else.

19. Irony A contrast between expectation and reality. - Between what is said and what is really meant. - Between what is expected to happen and what really happens. - Between what appears to be true and what is really true.

20. Types of irony Verbal a writer or speaker says one thing but means another. Situational what we expect to happen is different than what actually happens. Dramatic Audience or readers knows what happening but the characters do not.

21. Other terms to know: Tone the way the writer feels about the story and the characters Mood (Atmosphere) feeling created in the reader by a piece of writing

22. Other terms to know: Foreshadowing clues to suggest events that have not happened yet in the story; creates suspense. Suspense the uncertain feeling about what is going to happen next in the story Allusion (from allude - to refer to; to mention) References in a piece of writing that refer to the Bible, a time in history or another work of Literature or art

23. Now list each of the following elements for your TV show: Plot Character(s) Setting Conflict Theme(s) Point of View Symbolism BONUS: Foreshadowing Suspense Irony Allusion Mood Tone