SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter One Lesson Two: The Sociological Perspective This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Tradition vs. Science Emerged mid-1800s Grew Out of Social Upheaval Rethinking of Social Life The Success of Natural Sciences Origins of Sociology
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Applying the Scientific Method to Social World Coined the Term “Sociology” “Armchair Philosophy” Auguste Comte and Positivism
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Second Founder of Sociology Lower and Higher Forms of Society Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest” Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Engine of Human History is Class Conflict The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat Marxism Not the Same as Communism Karl Marx and Class Conflict
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Got Sociology Recognized as Separate Discipline Studied How Social Forces Affect Behavior Identified “Social Integration” - Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group Emile Durkheim and Social Integration
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20077
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Religion and the Origin of Capitalism Religion is Central Force in Social Change Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Sociology Should be Value-Free Sociology Should be Objective Research Should Involve Replication Goals and Uses of Sociology Values in Sociological Research Values in Sociological Research
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Weber Verstehen - “To Grasp by Insight” Importance of Subjective Meanings Durkheim Stressed Social Facts Explain Social Facts with Other Social Facts How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together Verstehen and Social Facts
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Attitudes of the Time 1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined Few People Educated Beyond Basics Harriet Martineau Published Society in America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born Her Work was Ignored Sexism in Early Sociology
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Early History: Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis Jane Addams and Social Reform W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory vs. Reform Continuing Tension and Rise of Applied Sociology Sociology in North America
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon