C HAPTER 2: N OUNS Miss Fry 8 th Grade English

L ESSON 1: K INDS OF N OUNS

D EFINING N OUNS What is a noun? A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea PersonsMiss Fry, student, principal, teacher PlacesDunlap Middle School, classroom ThingsNotebook, paper, pencils, brain IdeasHonesty, intelligence, achievement

C OMMON N OUNS VS. P ROPER N OUNS A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing or idea. Common nouns are usually not capitalized. A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Proper nouns are always capitalized. Proper nouns:Miss Fry, Washington D.C., Dunlap Panthers Common nouns:Teacher, capitol, mascot, students

C ONCRETE N OUNS VS. A BSTRACT N OUNS A concrete noun names a thing that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched or tasted. An abstract noun names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic. Concrete nouns:Pencil, pizza, Mount Everest, football Abstract nouns:Honesty, bravery, achievement, excitement

C OLLECTIVE N OUNS A collective noun is a word that names a group of people or things. Examples: community, audience, panel, crowd, class, government, staff, pack, herd, colony

L ESSON 2: S INGULAR AND P LURAL N OUNS

S INGULAR VS. P LURAL N OUNS

WARNING!

L ESSON 4: C OMPOUND N OUNS

C OMPOUND N OUNS A compound noun is made of two or more words used together as a single noun. The parts may be written as a single word: notebook, workplace, software, airplane two or more separate words: commander in chief a hyphenated word: t-shirt, brother-in-law, sky-diving

L ESSON 3: P OSSESSIVE N OUNS

P OSSESSIVE N OUNS Relationship:Miss Fry’s students are all sweet little angels. Ownership:Tristan Burke stole Omer’s blue chair.

T RICKY I TS PossessiveIts- The beach was the otter’s favorite place. The beach was its favorite place. ContractionIt’s- It is a beautiful day outside. It’s a beautiful day outside.

S INGULAR V S. P LURAL Singular ending in –S Dallas owns cows that eat a lot of grass. Dallas’s cows eat a lot of grass. Plurals not ending in –S The children have many books. The children’s books are from the library. Plurals ending in –SWe give the dogs bones as treats. The dogs’ bones are treats for them.

N AMES SingularSingular Possessive PluralPlural Possessive Fry Miss Fry owns a car. Fry’s Miss Fry’s car rocks! Frys The Frys own horses. Frys’ The Frys’ horses like to eat. Mr. JohnsonMr. Johnson’s cat The JohnsonsThe Johnsons’ cat

L ESSON 5: N OUNS AS S UBJECTS AND C OMPLEMENTS

N OUNS AS S UBJECTS AND C OMPLEMENTS Nouns as subjects tell whom or what the sentence is about. Nouns as complements complete the meaning of the verb Predicate NounRenames or defines the subject after a linking verb Miss Fry is a teacher. Direct ObjectNames the receiver of the action of the verb She has taught many students. Indirect ObjectTells to whom or what or for whom or what an action is done One of her lessons gave students a thrill.

L ESSON 6: N OUNS IN P HRASES

N OUNS AS O BJECTS OF P REPOSITIONS An object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows the preposition. Nouns often appear in sentences as objects of prepositions; they add information. o DMS is a middle school in Central Illinois. o Miss Fry had the opportunity to teach at Dunlap Middle School.

N OUNS AS A PPOSITIVES An appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies or renames another noun or pronoun. An appositive phrase is made up of an appositive and it’s modifiers. DMS, our school, is one of many in Central Illinois. Miss Fry, a new teacher at DMS, went to a school for hicks. **NOTE: You should use commas before and after the appositive phrase if the information is not essential for understanding the noun/pronoun it is describing.

W HAT D O Y OU K NOW ? The first (1)telescopes were built about 1608 by lens makers in the (2)Netherlands. 2. A. predicate noun B. proper noun C. collective noun D. possessive noun 1.A. proper noun B. common noun C. collective noun D. compound noun

W HAT D O Y OU K NOW ? An Italian scientist, (3)Galileo Galilei, used this new (4)invention to observe heavenly (5)bodies. Galileo’s telescope had little power by today’s standards. 3.A. noun as direct object B. noun as indirect object C. Noun as appositive D. Noun as object of a preposition 4.A. noun as subject B. noun as direct object C. noun as indirect object D. noun as object of a preposition 5.A. Concrete noun B. Abstract noun C. Proper noun D. Compound noun

W HAT D O Y OU K NOW ? However, this remarkable (6)instrument allowed Galileo to make important discoveries about the (7)solar system. 6.A. noun as object of preposition B. noun as subject C. noun as direct object D. noun as indirect object 7.A. proper noun B. collective noun C. compound noun D. abstract noun

W HAT D O Y OU K NOW ? Over the (8)centuries, our knowledge of the universe has been greatly expanded by (9)astronomers’ observations through telescopes. We now know that the stars, planets, and galaxies we see as (10)pinpoints of light may be many light-years away. 8.A. noun as indirect object B. noun as direct object C. noun as subject D. noun as object of preposition 9.A. collective noun B. singular noun C. compound noun D. possessive noun 10. A. possessive noun B. collective noun C. singular noun D. compound noun

T HAT ’ S A LL, F OLKS !