France and the Habsburg Empire

France foreign policy problems  lost to Italy  supported Austria who lost to Mexico  lost Franco-Prussian War  1871-Napoleon III captured.  Paris controlled by Prussians

Paris Commune  Sought to rule Paris separately from the rest of France.  Set up by radicals and socialists (anarchists).

National Assembly  National Assembly, ruling all of France, sends troops to Paris and kills 20,000 inhabitants.

Dreyfus Affair  French commander indicted on passing secrets to Germans.  Evidence was forged.  Sent to Devil’s Island.

What happened next?  The real spy was tried and released.  Dreyfus re-tried and convicted again.  President then pardoned him.  Emile Zola- “J’accuse”

Dreyfus Affair repercussions  Violent anti-semitism was embraced by many French.  Radicals, republicans, and socialists formed an informal alliance.  Political, racial, religious divisions continued into the 1940’s.

Problems in the Habsburg Empire  Hungary  Croats and Slovaks felt ostracized by society.  No foreign support  France and Italy military failures

Francis Joseph  Became dual monarch of Austria- Hungary

October Diploma  Created federation among the states and provinces of the empire.

February Patent  Created a bicameral imperial Parliament, the Reichsrat.

Magyars  Refused to cooperate with Francis Joseph.

Ausgleich of 1867  Created Austria-Hungary

Other ethnic groups were angry.

Czechs wanted a triple monarchy  Francis Joseph agrees, Magyars deny.

Language defines the nation.

Nationalities w/i the Habsburg Empire

Many Austrians want to join the German Empire

This increased nationalism would be a contributing factor to the future World Wars.