1. Democracy on the Move

2. British Reform Bill of 1832
Allows wealthy middle class men to vote in parliamentary elections
Small percentage
Gives cities more representation

3. 2nd Reform Act of 1867
Conservatives extend vote to middle class and well paid laborers
Led by Conservative PM Benjamin Disraeli

4. Chartist Movement
British people demand annual elections and suffrage for all men
Also demand secret ballot, end to property requirements, salaries for parliament
Granted in 1884

5. The People’s Budget Liberal Platform of PM David Lloyd George
Provides benefits to all at expense of wealthy
Social Security, unemployment, health insurance

6. Women’s Suffrage in Britain
Movement builds demanding the vote for women
Eventually becomes militant
Led by Emmaline Pankhurst

7. Home Rule for Ireland “The Irish Question”- 1870-1914
PM Gladstone supports home rule, but defeated in Parliament
Divided between Catholic South & Protestant North (Ulster)
Catholic rights restored in 1829
Potato Famine (1840s) kills over a million Irish
Many emigrate to the US
Irish begin to demand self-government
Irish Nationalists rebel 1916, “Easter Rising”
Irish Republican Army (IRA) attacks the British Army
Home rule for South in 1921, independence in 1949

8. Self-Rule for Canada
Canada divided between French & English speaking peoples
Durham report advises uniting Upper & Lower Canada
Canada made into a Dominion
Self-government for domestic affairs, but still part of British Empire

9. Australia & New Zealand
Australia started as a penal colony to relieve crowded British prisons
Both are given self-rule

10. The French Third Republic 1871
French try again to create a functioning republic
Following the put down of the Paris Commune by Adolphe Thiers (Kills 30,000 Parisians)
Declared after Thiers orders break up of Paris National Guard
Provinces Vs Paris
Sever state connections to the Catholic Church
Most power to Parliament, little to President
Universal male suffrage

11. The Dreyfus Affair 1894
Jewish army officer, Alfred Dreyfus, is falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany
Supported by Emile Zola, J’Accuse
Evidence is faked and he is jailed
Exposes wide anti-semitism (anti-Jewish sentiment)
In the army, Catholic church, among conservatives
Dreyfus supported by liberals, radicals, socialists
These groups bonded in support of democratic institutions to protect from corrupt, conservative government

12. Rise of Zionism Movement led by Austrian Theodor Herzl
Aim to create a Jewish national homeland in Palestine

13. Austria-Hungary
Form the “Dual Monarchy” following Austro-Prussian War 1866
Emperor Franz Josef made King of Hungary
Common foreign policy, army, and monarch
Separate parliaments that occasionally meet