1. Revolution and Reform in France

2. A. The “Citizen King” 1. Louis Philippe- Liberal Bourbon monarch 2. Came to power after the revolt of July 1830 3. Favored conservative upper middle class 4. Monarchist- wanted a direct descendant of Charles X 5. Bonapartists- wanted to revive Napoleon’s empire 6. Republicans wanted a republic 7. Food shortages and unemployment heightened tensions

3. B. Revolution of 1848 1. Erupted after Louis Philippe decree restricted free speech 2. National Guard troops joined in rioting 3. Louis Philippe abdicated and left for England 4. Started the Second Republic a. Allowed all men to vote b. Elected the National Assembly to write a constitution c. Elected Louis-Napoleon as president i. Labor unions permitted to strike ii. All men were allowed to vote

4. A. Louis- Napoleon 1. Nephew of Napoleon- hoped to restore the empire 2. Arrests 70 members of National Assembly over issue of extending terms 3. Put issue to a plebiscite b. The Second French Empire 1. Louis Napoleon given a 10 year term 2. 1852- Senate passed a resolution to restore the empire- Louis Napoleon elected Emperor Napoleon III 3. Authoritarian Regime a. Encouraged the building of canals, railroads, and other transportation to encourage growth of industries

5. A. The Crimean War 1. Russia claimed authority over certain holy places 2. France, Great Britain, and Ottoman Empire form alliance and declare war on Russia 3. Most fighting was in Crimea, a peninsula in southern Russia 4. Russia is defeated b. Overseas Empire 1. Napoleon III tried to build a colonial empire 2. Failure in Mexico

6. c. Franco-Prussian War 1. Prussia was trying to unite all German states 2. Otto von Bismarck decided a war with France would unite the German states 3. Terrible for France- Napoleon captured 4. 1871 Paris fell to the Prussians d. France under German Domination 1. Treaty of Frankfurt a. Gave up Alsace and eastern Lorraine b. Large payments to Germany

7. A. The Third times a charm Republic 1. Constitution of 1875 made France a republic 2. France governed by a cabinet, headed by the premier 3. President would be elected by the legislature for 7 year terms 4. Legislature was made up of the Senate and Chamber of deputies 5. Many fractions but manages to last for nearly 70 years a. Reactionaries, moderates, and radicals

8. A. Scandals 1. Panama Canal project 2. Dreyfus affair a. A Jewish army Captain Alfred Dreyfus was accused and convicted of giving French military secrets to Germany b. Sentenced to life in prison even though evidence showed he was innocent c. Attempt to discredit the Third Republic b. Reform and Coalition 1. 1905 church state were separated 2. No political group had complete control they would have to form coalitions 3. Accomplishments included free public education, medical care for elderly, expansion of business, 12 hr work day, and a minimum age of thirteen for working children

9.  Complete Events in France worksheet