Pregnancy: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – presence of severe birth defects in babies born to mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy. Includes damage to the brain and to the nervous system, facial abnormalities, small head size, below normal IQ, poor coordination, heart defects, behavior problems.

Complications during Pregnancy: Ectopic Pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus. The embryo becomes implanted in the Fallopian tube or another location in the abdomen. Symptoms include cramping, severe abdominal pain and spotting.

Complications during Pregnancy: RH incompatibility is the mismatch between the blood of a pregnant female and the blood for the developing baby. The female’s blood produces an antibody that attacks a substance in the developing baby’s blood. An injection of an antibody to the RH factor is given to the female to prevent risk during future pregnancies.

Complications during Pregnancy: Toxemia of pregnancy is a condition characterized by a rise in the pregnant female’s blood pressure, swelling, and leakage of protein into the urine. Untreated toxemia can result in the death of the female or the developing baby.

Complications during Pregnancy: Miscarriage is the natural ending of a pregnancy before a baby is developed enough to survive on its own. They occur most often during the first trimester. They may be caused by a defect in the fetus or a medical condition of the fetus or pregnant female. Signs include cramping, severe pain, spotting, and bleeding.

Complications during Pregnancy: Cesarean section is a procedure in which a baby is removed surgically from the mother. Can be performed if an unborn baby is too large to pass through the mother’s pelvis or is not positioned correctly. It can also be done if the physician determines that the delivery may be dangerous to the health of the mother or baby.

Complications during Pregnancy: Stillbirth is a fully developed baby born dead. Can be caused by a defect in the baby or a medical condition of the baby or pregnant female.

Journal Entry #16 List as many STD/STIs as you can in two minutes? -Bonus: Which ones can be treated or cured?

HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - Pathogen that destroys infection fighting T-cells in the body. HIV causes an individual’s immune system to weaken and lose its ability to fight off infections and cancers. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the final stage of HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system

HIV/AIDS T-Cells – White blood cell that that signals B-cells to produce antibodies B-Cells – White blood cell that produces antibodies Antibody – Special protein that helps fight infection

HIV/AIDS 1. HIV enters the body 2. Attaches to and takes control of the helper T-cells 3. HIV reproduces itself and destroys helper T-cells

HIV/AIDS 4. HIV continues to reproduce and attack and destroy other helper T-cells 5. It weakens the body’s ability to fight infection. 6. After developing a number of these infections or reaching a certain blood count level, an HIV- positive person is diagnosed with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

HIV/AIDS Transmitted: HIV is present in blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. It is transmitted through unprotected anal, vaginal, and oral sex with an infected person; through contaminated needles or syringes used to inject drugs; or from an infected mother to her newborn during childbirth or breast-feeding. HIV is not transmitted through such casual contact as hugging, shaking hands, sharing food, using the same eating utensils, drinking from the same glass, sitting on public toilets, or touching door knobs.

HIV/AIDS Signs and Symptoms: **There are no symptoms of HIV infection. The average time between HIV infection and AIDS is eight to 11 years. **Over time, HIV causes the body to develop opportunistic infections or cancers normally controlled by a healthy immune system. AIDS symptoms are usually those of the opportunistic infection or cancer. These include fever, chills and sweats, chronic fatigue, appetite or weight loss, muscle and joint pain, long-lasting sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, yeast infections, and skin sores. Opportunistic infections that most frequently affect individuals with AIDS include Kaposi's sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), tuberculosis, meningitis, and Herpes simplex infections.