Crises of the 14 th & 15 th Centuries. Crises of the 14 th and 15 th Centuries Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) Babylonian.

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Presentation transcript:

Crises of the 14 th & 15 th Centuries

Crises of the 14 th and 15 th Centuries Hundred Years’ War ( ) Hundred Years’ War ( ) Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy ( ) Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy ( ) The Great Schism ( ) The Great Schism ( ) Overpopulation and The Black Death ( ) Overpopulation and The Black Death ( )

Europe in the 1320s

Hundred Years’ War ( ) England vs. France England vs. France –Vassalage: English King vassal of French King –Succession crisis in France –Assertion of English King’s Right to French Throne –Essentially a Battle for Power

Hundred Years’ War ( ) England vs. France England vs. France –Vassalage: English King vassal of French King –Assertion of English King’s Right to French Throne –Essentially a Battle for Power England Successful Early England Successful Early – Crecy (1346) & Poitiers (1356) –Peace of Bretigny (1360)

Hundred Years’ War ( ) England vs. France England vs. France England successful early England successful early –Crecy (1346) Black Prince –Poitiers (1356) John II captured and held for ransom Peace of Bretigny (1360) Peace of Bretigny (1360) Battle of Agincourt (1415) & Treaty of Troyes (1420): The height of English Power Battle of Agincourt (1415) & Treaty of Troyes (1420): The height of English Power Joan of Arc ( ): French Nationalism Joan of Arc ( ): French Nationalism

Joan of Arc at Orleans

Results of the Hundred Years’ War Rise in Efficiency of English and French States Rise in Efficiency of English and French States Growth of French Nationalism Growth of French Nationalism Discomfort for Common People Discomfort for Common People –Plunder by the Armies –Weakened Physically –Taxes Up –Depravations by the Mercenary Companies

The 14 th & 15 th C. Papacy: “Babylonian Captivity” Centralized Papacy of 13 th century led to tensions Centralized Papacy of 13 th century led to tensions –Control of the College of Cardinals –Disagreements with England and France Boniface VIII vs. Philip the Fair Boniface VIII vs. Philip the Fair –Unam Sanctum (1302) Clement V Moves to Avignon ( ): “The Babylonian Captivity” or “Avignon Papacy” Clement V Moves to Avignon ( ): “The Babylonian Captivity” or “Avignon Papacy” –Pope John XXII: Financial Wizardry & Political Interference

The 14 th and 15 th C. Papacy: “The Great Schism,” : Election of the Italian Urban VI at Rome prompts French Cardinals to Elect the French Clement VII 1378: Election of the Italian Urban VI at Rome prompts French Cardinals to Elect the French Clement VII Rival Popes: Split exacerbates dissent among average Christians Rival Popes: Split exacerbates dissent among average Christians –Heretical Movements: Lollards & Hussites –Gallican Liberties Conciliarism Conciliarism –Initial Setbacks: THREE Popes!!! –Council of Constance (1415) –Schism Ends with Martin V ( )