1. 14.4 – 100 Years’ War & the Plague
Bell ringer: Which changes in the English government are reflected in the U.S government today?

2. Setting the Stage 1300s was filled with natural and human disasters
An epidemic will kill millions & change the economies of Europe
England and France will fight wars & eventually gain new/improved governments

3. Change in Location
1300: Pope Boniface VIII sends and official document to King Philip IV of France that he must obey him
Philip becomes enraged captures the pope for trial in France “My master’s sword is made of steel, the pop’e is made of [words]”
-King Philips minister

4. Pope Boniface is rescued.
Boniface dies months later; last time a pope pushed control of a king
1305: College of Cardinals select Clement V as pope
Moves church from Rome to Avignon
After a series of popes

5. The Great Schism The Church was weakened by move
1379: Gregory XI dies in Rome; Cardinals choose Urban VI (Italian) as pope (arrogant)
Due to crowd outside
Cardinals choose Clement VII months later
2 popes
Popes excommunicate each other = Great Schism Divison
1414 – There are three popes!
Council of Constance forces them to resign
1417: Schism ends with selection of Martin V
The Great Schism

7. Challenge to the Church
John Wycliffe preaches Jesus Christ was head of the church; not the pope
Disgusted by wealth of the clergy
Jan Hus taught the Bible was the final authority, not the pope
Excommunicated, tried as a heretic, & burned at the stake

8. Plague: Origins Bubonic plague kills 1/3 of Europe’s population (25m)
Rips apart society – p. 399
The Plague started in Asia (Mongols) & expanded through trade
Named the Black Death
Purple or black spots
Hit Italy by way of Genoese merchant ships
Spreads throughout Europe in 4 years

11. Plague: Effects Population falls Trade declines, prices rise
Serfs leave manor for more money
Nobles resist peasant wages = revolts
Jews persecuted; blamed for the plague
The Church loses prestige: prayers not answered, priests abandon duties
Plague: Effects

12. 100 Years’ War War marks end of medieval Europe
Edward III (Br.) claims succession to French throne
Launches war (off & on) from
Britain gains the upper hand early
: French rally & drive the English out of France (- Calais)
100 Years’ War

13. Change in Warfare English introduce the Longbow
Battle of Crécy: Outnumbered; defeat French knights
Longbow equalizes the French knights & crossbows – Why?
Battles of Poitiers & Agincourt – repeats of Crécy
End of Chivalric Warfare

14. Joan of Arc Joan of Arc moved by God to rescue France from England
Heard voices of saints
Wanted to give the crown to Charles VII (Fr.) not Henry V (Br.)
5/7/1429 – Joan leads French to victory at Orléans
Charles crowned king at Reims
Captured, condemned as a witch, and burned at the stake as a heretic

15. Impact of the War War ends in 1453 Major Changes:
Nationalism for both France & England
French monarch increases power & prestige
English suffer internal turmoil = War of the Roses
War ends great religious devotion & the code of chivalry