Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Most unicellular, some colonial Lack strong tissue development Aqueous, marine, or very humid environments Mostly multicellular, all heterotrophs (yeast = unicellular) Obligate symbionts Cell walls contain chitin Hyphae, mycelium Found in air, water, & terrestrial habitats Decomposers Multicellular autotrophs (photosynthesis) Chlorophyll Cell walls contain cellulose Nonmotile Adapted for life on land Alternation of generations

Haploid: having 1/2 the number of chromosomes. Diploid: having a full complement of chromosomes (2n). Meiosis: cell division where chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid. Fertilization: nuclei of two gametes fuse, raising the chromosome number from haploid to diploid. Review

Your life cycle:  You are diploid.  Your cells produce haploid gametes through meiosis.  Your gametes fuse with someone else’s to form a diploid zygote.  The zygote differentiates by mitosis into a multicellular, diploid individual.

Plants have two generations in their life cycle: Gametophyte: haploid, gamete-producing phase. Sporophyte: diploid spore-producing phase.

In plants, generations alternate: A diploid individual produces haploid spores by meiosis. Spores divide by mitosis, producing multicellular haploid gametophytes (e.g. Pollen grain). Gametophytes produce gametes that fuse to form a diploid zygote. Zygotes differentiate by mitosis into multicellular, diploid individuals. (Sporophytes) (Sporophyte)

Plants are grouped by: morphology +/- & arrangement of vascular tissues (xylem & phloem) life cycle

Kingdom Plantae Phylum Bryophyta (Mosses, liverworts, hornworts) No vascular tissues Restricted in size and by habitat Gametophyte = dominant phase Ferns & allies + vascular tissues Seedless Sporophyte = dominant phase Phylum Gymnosperma (Conifers, cycads, ginkgos, gnetophytes) + vascular tissues Heterosporous: m/f cones Sporophyte = dominant phase Phylum Anthophytha (Angiosperms, or flowering plants) + vascular tissues Speciose, mutualisms, short generation times Sporophyte = dominant phase

Dicots Monocots # Floral parts # Cotyledons Leaf venation Stem vascular bundles Secondary growth Angiosperms

Complete Flowers (monoecious) Bisexual or hermaphroditic Incomplete Flowers (dioecious) Staminate (male) Pistilate (female)