1. Kingdom: Plantae

2. Characteristics of Plants
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Carry out photosynthesis
Cells have a cell wall made of cellulose
Mostly land dwelling
Develop from embryos that are protected by tissues of parent plant

3. Life cycles Plants go through alternation of generations
One generation is haploid called gametophyte
One generation is diploid called sporophyte
Haploid spores produce plants which eventually produce gametes which fuse to produce diploid zygote that grows into a sporophyte plant
These generations can look quite different from one another

6. Five Major Groups of Plants

7. Green Algae
Green algae has recently been reclassified as belonging to the Kindom Plantae
Green algae has cell walls and photosynthetic pigments that are identical to plants
Other algae remain in the Kingdom Protista

8. Five Major Groups of Plants

9. Seedless Non-Vascular Plants Mosses and Relatives
These plants are known as Bryophytes
Grow close to the ground in damp locations
Do not have seeds or stems
Do not have any rigid support structures such as lignin-reinforced cell walls
Do not have any vascular tissue to transport water through the plant

10. Seedless Non-Vascular Plants Mosses and Relatives
Bryophytes comprise nearly 10% of all plant species
The gametophyte generation is the dominant generation
Male and female gametes are produced in separate reproductive structures
Sperm are flagellated and must swim through water to the eggs

12. Five Major Groups of Plants

13. Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Relatives
Contain conducting tissues called xylem and phloem which transport materials throughout the plant
This development allowed the ferns to become tall and successful on dry land
The dominant generation is sporophyte

14. Reproduction in Ferns
Ferns produce gametes in structures on the underside of the gametophyte
Ferns need water to complete their life cycle because sperm have to swim through a film of water to fertilize the eggs
The brown “dots” on the underside of the mature (sporophyte) fronds are spore capsules containing many haploid spores that will produce gametophytes

16. Five Major Groups of Plants

17. Seed-producing Vascular plants Gymnosperms
Conifers such as pine, fir, spruce, redwood and cedar trees – cone bearing plants
Plants that bear “naked” seeds – seeds not enclosed in an ovary (fruit)
Seeds are plant embryos covered in a protective coat along with food
The gametophyte is smaller than in ferns and mosses

18. Gymnosperm

20. Reproduction in Gymnosperms

21. Five Major Groups of Plants

23. Flowering Plants Angiosperms
The reproductive structures are the flowers
Angiosperm means “enclosed seed”
The gametophytes develop within the flowers of angiosperms
Flowers have many adaptations that attract organisms to help transfer pollen
Once pollination occurs, the ovary develops into a fruit

24. Angiosperm fruit

25. Life cycle of an Angiosperm

26. Parts of a Flower Stigma Style Ovary Carpel/Pistil (female)
Stamen (male)
Anther
Filament
petals
ovule
sepal

27. Five Major Groups of Plants