The Nature Of Leadership Pertemuan 1 Matakuliah: G0934 / Leadership and Organisation Tahun: 2007

Bina Nusantara Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter students should be able to: Understand why leadership has been defined in so many ways. Understand the controversy about differences between leadership and management. Understand how leadership will be defined in this book. Understand why it is so difficult to asses leadership effectiveness. Understand the different indicators used to asses leadership effectiveness. Understand what aspects of leadership have been studied the most during the past 50 years. Understand how leadership can be described as an individual, dyadic, group, or organizational process.

Bina Nusantara 3 Outline Materi Definitions of Leadership Leadership Effectiveness Overview of Major Research Approaches Level of Conceptualization for Leadership Other Bases for Comparing Leadership Theories

Bina Nusantara 4 The Nature of Leadership

Bina Nusantara 5 The Nature of Leadership

Bina Nusantara 6 1. Definition of Leadership

Bina Nusantara 7 Video Watch video

Bina Nusantara 8 Definitions of Leadership Leadership is “the behavior of an individual… directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal” (Hemphil & Coons, 1975, p.7) Leadership is “the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organisation” (D.Katz & Kahn, 1978, p.528). “Leadership is exercised when persons… mobilize… institutional, political, psychological, and other resources so as to arouse, engage, and satisfy the motives of followers” (Burns, 1978, p.18) Leadership is “the process Of Influencing the activity of an organized group toward goal achievement” (Rauch & Behling,1984,p,46)

Bina Nusantara More definitions it was Lao-Tse who wrote, "Fail to honor people, they fail to honor you. But of a good leader, who talks little, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will all say, "We did this ourselves." 9

Bina Nusantara 10 Specialized Role or Shared Influence Process? Type of influence Process Purpose of Influence Attempts Influence Based on Reason or Emotions Leadership Versus Management A working Definition of Key Terms

Bina Nusantara 11 Scope of Leadership Processes Leaders influence: – The interpretation of external events by members – The choice of objectives an strategies to pursue – The motivation of members to achieve the objectives – The mutual trust and cooperation of members – The organisation of work activities – The development of members skills and confidence – The learning and sharing of new knowledge by members – The enlistment of support and cooperation from outsiders

Bina Nusantara Leadership Effectiveness

Bina Nusantara 13 Leadership Effectiveness Immediate and delayed outcomes Causal Chain of Effects from Two Types of Leader Behaviour What criteria to use? Inspiring Vision Training + Coaching Follower Effort Follower Skills Quality + productivity Unit Profit

Bina Nusantara Leadership effectiveness model Emotional Intelligence: Understanding yourself and others Relationships: Communication, Managing Conflict, Campus Resources for Resolving Conflict, Sexual Harassment Teamwork: Mission-Based Leadership, Building a Team, Diversity, Team Facilitation, Employment: From Start to Finish Operations: Quality Service Management, Managing Customer Service, Campus Resources Planning, Delegation and Project Management Time and Attendance, Resource Management Performance: Performance Management, UM Policies, Procedures, and Practices 14

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Bina Nusantara 16 Overview of Major Research Approaches Key Variables Included in Leadership Theories – Characteristics of the Leader Traits (motives, personality, values) Confidence and Optimism Skills and Expertise Behaviour Integrity and Ethics Influence Tactics Attributions about followers

Bina Nusantara Exercise Select a leader that you know best and try to asses him/her using The GE Leadership Effectiveness Survey (LES) The GE Leadership Effectiveness Survey (LES) 17