1. Perspective on Effective Leadership Behaviour Pertemuan 5 OFC Matakuliah: G0934 / Leadership and Organisation Tahun: 2007

2. Bina Nusantara 2 Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter students should be able to: Understand what research methods have been used to study leadership behaviour. Understand the findings in the early research on leadership behaviour. Understand how leadership behaviour can be described with either broad or specific categories. Understand the different methods for developing taxonomies of leadership behaviour. Understand why task and relations behaviour are important for leadership effectiveness. Understand how specific types of task and relations behaviour can be used effectively. Understand why it is useful to classify leadership behaviour in terms of a three- dimensional model. Understand the contributions and limitations of the behaviour approach.

3. Bina Nusantara 3 Outline Materi The Ohio State Leadership Studies The Michigan Leadership Studies Limitation of Survey Research Experiments on Task and Relations Behaviour Research Using Critical Incidents The High-High Leader Leadership Behaviour Taxonomies Specific Task Behaviour Specific Relations Behaviours Evaluation of the Behaviour Approach

4. Bina Nusantara 4 Perspective on Effective Leadership Behaviour

5. Bina Nusantara 5 The OHIO State Leadership Studies Leader Behavior Categories – Consideration – Initiating structure Behavior description Questionnaires Example of a survey study Results from the survey research

6. Bina Nusantara 6 The MICHIGAN Leadership Studies Effective Leadership Behaviour Task-oriented behaviour Relation-oriented behaviour Participative leadership Peer leadership

7. Bina Nusantara 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Theory by Stephen R. Covey "Leadership is a choice, not a position." Private Victory 1. Be proactive 2. Begin with the End in Mindthe End in Mind 3. Put First Things First Public Victory 1. Think Win / Win Think Win / Win 2. Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood 3. Synergize Synergize Renewal 1. Sharpen the Saw 7

8. Bina Nusantara 8

9. 7 Habits of Highly Effective People 9

10. Bina Nusantara 10 Limitations of survey research Biases in behaviour questionnaires – Use of ambiguous items – Response bias – Stereotypes – Implicit theories – The way items are aggregated into scales Interpreting causality in survey studies – There is often more than one plausible interpretation of causality, and more than one form of causality may occur at the same time

11. Bina Nusantara 11 Experiments on task and relations behaviour – Experimental research in laboratory and field settings found that increases in relation-oriented leadership behaviour usually resulted in higher subordinate satisfaction and productivity.

12. Bina Nusantara 12 Research using critical incidents – Types of leader behaviour represented in most studies of leaders varieties; Planning, coordinating, and organizing operations Supervising subordinates (directing, instructing, monitoring performance) Establishing and maintaining good relations with subordinates Establishing and maintaining good relations with superiors, peers, and outsiders Assuming duties, and making necessary decisions – Limitations of Critical Incident Research

13. Bina Nusantara 13 The High-High Leader Research on the high-high leader – Task and relations behaviour tend to be correlated positively with subordinate performance Evaluation of research on the model Reconciling universal and situational theories

14. Bina Nusantara 14 Leadership Behaviour Taxonomies Sources of Diversity among Taxonomies Limitations of factor-based taxonomies Example of a taxonomy with specific behaviour – Planning and organizing – Problem solving – Clarifying roles and objectives – Informing – Monitoring – Motivating and inspiring – Consulting – Delegating

15. Bina Nusantara 15 – Supporting – Developing and mentoring – Managing conflict and team building – Networking – Recognizing – Rewarding