1. 1 Pertemuan 17 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership Matakuliah: MPG09344-010 / Leadership and Organisation Tahun: 2005 Versi: versi/revisi 0

2. 2 Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter students should be able to: Understand how theories of charismatic and Transformational leadership differ from earlier leadership theories. Understand similarities and differences among the major theories of charismatic and transformational leadership. Understand why attributions of charisma are jointly determined by the leader, the followers, and the situation. Understand what traits, behaviors, and influence processes are involved in charismatic and transformational leadership. Understand why charismatic leadership can result in undesirable consequences for followers and the organisation. Understand what research methods have been used to evaluate theories of transformational and charismatic leadership. Understand the major findings in empirical research on the effects of charismatic and transformational leadership. Understand what leaders can do to become more transformational.

3. 3 Outline Materi Two early theories –Charisma –Transforming Leadership Attribution Theory of Charismatic Leadership Self-Concept Theory of Charismatic Leadership Other Conceptions of Charisma Consequences of Charismatic Leadership Transformational Leadership Research on the Theories Transformational versus Charismatic Leadership Evaluation of the Theories Guidelines for Transformational Leadership Summary Review and Discussion Questions Cases

4. 4 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership

5. 5 Two early theories CharismaTransforming Leadership

6. 6 Attribution theory of charismatic leadership Leader traits and behaviors Influence processes Facilitating conditions

7. 7 Self-concept theory of Charismatic Leadership Indicators of Charisma Key traits and behaviours –Articulating an appealing vision –Using strong, expressive forms of communication when articulating the vision –Taking personal risks and making self- sacrifices to attain the vision –Communicating high expectations –Expressing confidence in followers

8. 8 –Role modeling of behaviors consistent with the vision –Managing follower impressions of the leader –Building identification with the group or organization –Empowering followers –Influence processes –Facilitating conditions

9. 9 Other conception of Charisma Psychodynamic Processes Social Contagion and Charisma Close and Distant Charisma Routinization of Charisma

10. 10 Consequences of Charismatic Leadership Positive and negative charismatics The dark side of charisma Effects of positive charismatics Practical implications for organisations

11. 11 Some negative consequences of charismatic leaders –Being in awe of the leader reduces good suggestions by followers –Desire for leader acceptance inhibits criticism by followers –Adoration by followers creates delusions of infallibility –Excessive confidence and optimism blind the leader to real dangers

12. 12 –Denial of problems and failures reduces organizational learning –Risky, grandiose projects are more likely to fail –Taking complete credit for successes alienates some key followers –Impulsive, nontraditional behavior creates enemies as well as believers –Dependence on the leader inhibits development of competent successors –Failure to develop successors creates an eventual leadership ciris

13. 13 Transformational Leadership Leader transforms and motivates followers by –Making them more aware of the importance of task outcomes –Inducing them to transcend their own self- interest for the sake of the organization or team –Activating their higher-order needs.