Early China Chapter 5

C HINA ’ S G EOGRAPHY A. Huang He (Yellow River) ● Gets its name from the rich, yellow soil it carries from Mongolia to the Pacific Ocean ● Regularly flooded the land leaving behind rich silt in the Huang He valley. B. Geographic features that caused the Chinese culture to develop independently ● Himalaya Mountains to the south ● Kunlun Shan and Tian Shan Mountains to the West ● Gobi Desert to the north

C HINA ’ S G EOGRAPHY A. ____________ (Yellow River) ● Gets its name from the rich, yellow ______ it carries from Mongolia to the Pacific Ocean ● Regularly _________ the land leaving behind rich ______ in the Huang He valley. B. Geographic features that caused the Chinese culture to develop independently ● ____________ Mountains to the south ● Kunlun Shan and Tian Shan Mountains to the West ● ________ Desert to the north

T HE S HANG D YNASTY BC A. Kings ruled from Anyang, China’s capital city B. The Shang dynasty social structure: ● King (whose army helped him stay in power) ● Aristocrats: nobles whose wealth came from the land they owned) They were warlords and other royal officials who governed the king’s territories ● traders and artisans ● Most Chinese were farmers C. Worship of Spirits and Ancestors ● Spirits: lived in mountains, rivers, and seas. People gave offerings to try and keep the spirits happy ● Ancestors: Departed family members who were given offerings to bring good luck

T HE S HANG D YNASTY BC A. Kings ruled from ________, China’s capital city B. The Shang dynasty social structure: ● King (whose army helped him stay in power) ● ___________: nobles whose wealth came from the ______ they owned) They were warlords and other royal officials who governed the king’s territories ● traders and artisans ● Most Chinese were farmers C. Worship of Spirits and Ancestors ● _____: lived in mountains, rivers, and seas. People gave offerings to try and keep the spirits _______ ● ___________: Departed family members who were given offerings to bring good ______

T HE S HANG D YNASTY BC D. Telling the Future ● The duty of Shang kings was to contact the spirits and ancestors before making important decisions ● Kings used oracle bones to get the answers 1. Priests scratched questions on oracle bones 2. Hot metal rods were placed inside the bones 3. A pattern of cracks formed answers 4. Priests interpreted the answers for the king E. Chinese Language ● Pictographs: Characters that stand for objects ● Ideographs: 2 or more pictures are joined together to represent an idea ● Most Chinese characters represent whole words

T HE S HANG D YNASTY BC D. Telling the Future ● The duty of Shang kings was to contact the spirits and ancestors before making important _________ ● Kings used _______ bones to get the answers 1. Priests scratched ___________ on oracle bones 2. Hot metal rods were placed ________ the bones 3. A pattern of _________ formed answers 4. Priests _____________ the answers for the king E. Chinese Language ● ____________: Characters that stand for objects ● ____________: 2 or more pictures are joined together to represent an idea ● Most Chinese characters represent whole words

Oracle Bones of the Shang Dynasty

Pictographs

T HE Z HOU D YNASTY A. Wu Wang, an aristocrat, led a rebellion that defeated the Shang in 1045 BC ● Wu began a new dynasty called the Zhou B. Mandate of Heaven ● A formal, heavenly law or order that gave the Zhou king the power to rule because of his talent or virtue C. Period of the Warring States ● Local rulers of the Zhou territories stopped obeying the Zhou kings. ● The local rulers set up their own independent states ● War broke out in 403 BC, lasted about 200 years, and brought an end to the Zhou Dynasty

T HE Z HOU D YNASTY A. __________, an aristocrat, led a rebellion that defeated the ________ in 1045 BC ● Wu began a new dynasty called the _________ B. __________ of Heaven ● A formal, heavenly ___ or order that gave the Zhou king the power to rule because of his ____ or virtue C. Period of the __________ States ● Local rulers of the Zhou territories stopped obeying the Zhou _______. ● The local rulers set up their own independent _____ ● War broke out in 403 BC, lasted about 200 years, and brought an end to the _______ Dynasty

T HE Z HOU D YNASTY D. Improvement in Farming ● Developed irrigation and flood control systems ● Iron plows broke up more of the land enabling more crops to by produced. ● China’s population expanded to 50 million people E. Trade ● Silk was an important product of the Zhou dynasty ● Chinese traded silk to other parts of Asia and as far away as Greece on the Mediterranean Sea.

T HE Z HOU D YNASTY D. Improvement in Farming ● Developed __________ and flood control systems ● ______ plows broke up more of the land enabling more crops to by produced. ● China’s population __________ to 50 million people E. Trade ● ____ was an important product of the Zhou dynasty ● Chinese _________ silk to other parts of Asia and as far away as __________ on the Mediterranean Sea.

S ECTION 5-1 R EVIEW 1. What is the difference between a pictograph and an ideograph? 2. In the phrase “Mandate of Heaven”, what does the word “Mandate” mean? 3. Who were fighting during the Period of the Warring States? 4. Where did the wealth of aristocrats come from? 5. Who defeated the Shang? 6. Who were “ancestors”? 7. What was China’s first capital city? 8. What river carried yellow soil from Mongolia to the Pacific Ocean?

Period of Warring States

L IFE IN A NCIENT C HINA A. 3 Main Social Classes ● Landowning aristocrats ● Lived in large houses surrounded by walls ● Land was divided among the sons of the aristocrat ● Peasant farmers ● Lived in simple houses inside village walls ● Farmers paid part of their crops to the landowners in order to use the land ● Merchants ● Shopkeepers, traders, bankers ● Became rich, but were not respected by government

L IFE IN A NCIENT C HINA A. 3 Main Social Classes ● Landowning ________________ ● Lived in large houses surrounded by walls ● Land was divided among the sons of the aristocrat ● Peasant _____________ ● Lived in simple houses inside village walls ● Farmers paid part of their crops to the landowners in order to use the land ● _______________ ● Shopkeepers, traders, bankers ● Became rich, but were not respected by government

L IFE IN A NCIENT C HINA B. The Chinese Family ● The basic building block of Chinese society ● People had big families to help them produce more and become wealthier. Even children worked in the fields. ● Took care of family who were aged and sick C. Filial Piety ● Children had to respect their parents and older relatives ● The head of the family was the oldest male ● The needs and desires of the head of the family came first

L IFE IN A NCIENT C HINA B. The Chinese Family ● The ________ building block of Chinese society ● People had big families to help them _________ more and become ____________. Even children worked in the fields. ● Took care of family who were _______ and sick C. Filial Piety ● Children had to _________ their parents and older relatives ● The head of the family was the __________ male ● The needs and desires of the ______ of the family came first

C ONFUCIUS A. His ideas are known as Confucianism B. Lived during the Period of the Warring States ● He wanted to bring peace to Chinese society C. China’s first great thinker and teacher D. Confucius taught that people need to have… ● A sense of “duty” to another person ● Good behavior ● Knowledge and education ● A part in governing E. Developed the Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”

C ONFUCIUS A. His ideas are known as _____________ B. Lived during the Period of the ____________ ● He wanted to bring ________ to Chinese society C. China’s first great _________ and _________ D. Confucius taught that people need to have… ● A sense of “_______” to another person ● Good ___________ ● Knowledge and _____________ ● A part in ______________ E. Developed the ___________: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”

D ISCUSSION Q UESTIONS ON THE BELIEFS OF C ONFUCIUS A.What are the most important duties that a child owes to his or her parents? B.What duties do parents owe their children? C.What are some of the benefits of education? D.What is an example of “doing unto others what you would have them do unto you”? E.Can government be made better by those within it or those outside of it? Explain.

D AOISM A. Daoism is a philosophy of Laozi that promotes a peaceful society. B. Daoism developed during the Warring States period at the same time as Confucius. C. Daoism teaches that people should… ● Give up worldly desires and concerns ● Seek inner peace ● Live in harmony with nature and the Dao—the force that guides all things

D AOISM A. Daoism is a philosophy of ______ that promotes a peaceful society. B. Daoism developed during the ______ ______ period at the same time as Confucius. C. Daoism teaches that people should… ● Give up worldly __________ and concerns ● Seek inner ________ ● Live in harmony with _______ and the _____, the force that guides all things

L EGALISM A.Hanfeizi developed Legalism that promotes a system of laws. B.A strong ruler is needed to maintain order. C.Favored force and power rather than kindness and understanding D.The government must issue harsh laws and stiff punishments or people won’t obey or do their duty.

L EGALISM A.__________ developed Legalism that promotes a system of ______. B.A strong _______ is needed to maintain order. C.Favored force and ________ rather than kindness and ___________ D.The government must issue harsh _____ and stiff ____________ or people won’t obey or do their duty.

Q IN S HIHUANGDI AND THE Q IN D YNASTY A. Qin Shihuangdi unified China in 221 BC B. Based his rule on the ideas of Legalism C. Opponents were killed and books were burned that opposed his ideas. D. He appointed all government officials E. Standardized laws, taxes, currency, and measurements F. Built many roads and also a Great Wall to protect China from tribes in the Gobi Desert

Q IN S HIHUANGDI AND THE Q IN D YNASTY A. Qin Shihuangdi ________ China in 221 BC B. Based his rule on the ideas of __________ C. Opponents were killed and _____ were burned that opposed his ideas. D. He appointed all government officials E. _______________ laws, taxes, currency, and measurements F. Built many roads and also a _______ _____ to protect China from tribes in the Gobi Desert

Q IN S HIHUANGDI ’ S T OMB T HE TERRA - COTTA ARMY

T HE H AN D YNASTY 202 BC TO 220 AD A. Emperor Han Wudi established the civil service exams ● used for choosing governmental officials ● A series of tests to find talented people B. The Silk Road ● A trade route used by merchants to transport goods ● Extended west from China for 4,000 miles to the Mediterranean Sea C. The collapse of the Han Dynasty caused Buddhism to spread from India to China

T HE H AN D YNASTY A. Emperor ____ Wudi established the _______ ________ exams ● used for choosing _____________ officials ● A series of _______ to find talented people B. The _____ Road ● A ______ route used by merchants to transport goods ● Extended _____ from China for 4,000 miles to the ____________ Sea C. The collapse of the ____ Dynasty caused __________ to spread from _____ to China