 Economic? Natural Resources  Political and Military? Global empire=prestige  Humanitarian and Religious Goals? Missionary Impulse Social Darwinism White Mans Burden

 Weakness of Non-Western States Decline in empires, slave trade, new nations weakened countries.  Western Advantage Strong economies Well-organized governments Superior technology  Resisting Imperialism Fought invaders Organized nationalist movements (Gandhi)

 Direct Rule Sending officials and soldiers to administer colonies (France)  Indirect rule Used sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers to govern their colonies (Britain)  Protectorate Local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors such as trade and missionary activity. Costs less than colony.  Sphere of Influence Area in which outside power claimed exclusive investment of trading privileges: Example China

 Empires in Decline Ottoman Empire  Problems for Ottoman Empire Nationalist Revolts European Pressures-France, Russia wanted land Westernization-increased tension (Change) Turks Reform-read pg. 300 Armenian Genocide-read pg. 300  Reform and Modernization Egypt( improving tax collection, farm projects, and landholding system. Suez Canal pg

 British Takeover Exploited diversity: Muslim/Hindu  British Policies Make money Did improve roads, keep peace, improve banditry, western education and legal procedures.  Sepoy Rebellion Read 304

 Impact of British Rule Viceroy Trade, but was unequal Ex: Textile Population growth because of? Lead to famine?  Different view on culture Western ways vs. Hindu or Muslim culture  Gandhi peace movement  End Separation of India and Pakistan.India and Pakistan