1. NEW IMPERIALISM CH.24

2. Building Overseas Empires
The Industrial Revolution transformed the West
With new economic & political power, Western nations set out to dominate the world
Imperialism: the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

3. Motives for Imperialism:
Why?
Since 1492, European nations established colonies in the Americas, South Asia, coasts of Africa & China
Centrally governed nation-states emerged
IR created needs for natural resources, customers, investments, & immigration options
Nationalism
Ex. France moved into W. Africa, Britain & Germany took nearby lands to halt their expansion
Military motives
Social Darwinism
Growing ideas of racial superiority
Religious & humanitarian goals
Motives for Imperialism:

4. Western Imperialism Spread Rapidly
West grew stronger in the 1800s
Other older civilizations were in decline
Ottoman Middle East, Mughal India, Qing China
W. Africans were fighting each other & slave trade left a damaging impact
Africans & Asians strongly resisted
“The weapon most associated with British imperial conquest”
Maxim Gun

5. Forms of Imperialism Different kinds of imperialism
French used direct rule
British used indirect rule (often local rulers)
Encouraged their kids to attend British schools, “Westernized” generation of leaders
Forms of Western Control
Colony:
Territory settled ruled by people from another
Protectorate:
Local rulers left in place but follow advice from European advisors
Sphere of Influence:
An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges

6. As a group, read your section and create a poster that represents the information.
You will use this poster as a visual aid to teach your section to the class.
This is for a grade, the group with the best poster will also receive extra credit.

7. Islamic revival around 1800s Success inspired other Islamic movements
Partition of Africa
North Africa:
Sahara & fertile Mediterranean
Muslim world
West Africa:
Islamic revival around 1800s
Usman dan Fodio, sharia law, set up powerful Islamic state in northern Nigeria
Success inspired other Islamic movements
East Africa
Long influenced by Islam
Slave trade to Middle East
Ivory & copper trade with India
South Africa:
Zulus emerged as major force, their leader Shaka waged relentless war
Mass migrations & chaos
Boers (descendants of Dutch farmers in Cape Colony) fled N when CC passed from Dutch to British, Zulu spears were no match for Boer guns
Struggle for control would last almost a century

8. European Contact Increases
David Livingston
Best-known explorer & missionary
Travelled Africa for 30 years he wrote about the people (with sympathy & little bias)
Opposed the slave trade
He hadn’t been heard from so in 1869, Henry Stanley went to find him (1871)
Shortly after, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo

9. European Contact Increases
King Leopold II claimed the Congo and forced native Congolese to collect ivory & harvest/process rubber
Millions were killed

10. Africans were not invited or made privy to their decisions.
The Scramble for Africa:
Berlin Conference of
Meeting at the Berlin residence of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1884, the foreign ministers of fourteen European powers and the United States established ground rules for the future exploitation of the "dark continent."
Africans were not invited or made privy to their decisions.

11. Map showing European claims to the African continent in 1913