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Nationalism MARK MANBECK

Essential Question  What is Nationalism and how does it affect a people/nation?

Nationalism  The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather than a king or empire. (p 253)  Formation of a national Identity

Nationalism cont.  powerful idea in 1800’s  Fed desire to be free of rule of empires instead home rule

Examples  Patriotism  School Pride  Olympics

Positive Results  People overcoming differences for common good  Overthrow colonial rule  Democracy in nations in the world  Competition spurring advances

Negative Results  Forced assimilation into majority culture  Ethnic cleansing/genocide  The rise of extreme nationalistic movements  Nazism  ISIS  Competition between nations leading to warfare

Power of Competitive Nationalism  Competition pursued  Each nation refuse any interests other than own  Each nation proving its inherent historic superiority  International application of Social Darwinism

Creating a Nation-State  People  Culture  Shared way of life  History  Common past/experiences  Religion  Religion shared by all or most people

 Territory  A certain territory that belongs to the ethnic group  Government  Sovereignty  The power to govern itself

Either Unity or Disunity  If land is given to another country, your loyalty is with your home country.  If you lose lands you hate the country you lost land to. Hate strengthens devotion to your country.  If you win lands, you feel superior. This promotes pride.

3 different types of Nationalism  Unification:  Merger of politically divided, but culturally similar lands  Separation:  Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away  State-Building  Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture.

Separation  Austrian Empire:  Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians.  Austro- Prussian War  Prussia Won

 Emperor Francis Joseph broke his empire into 2 parts  Austria  Hungary  Satisfied Nationalist spirit while keeping control of both states

Russian Empire  Many Different cultures  Iron control over diversity  Russification:  Forcing Russian culture on all the ethnic groups in the empire  Strengthened Nationalism and Disunified Russia

Ottoman Empire  The Balkans:  Present-day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and former Yugoslavia  Greeks proud of ancient history  Nationalist rebel against Turks  Europe and America backed Greece  Greece won independence

Ottoman Empire  Turks ruled  Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians  1856 equal citizenship causes tension  Nationalists massacred and deported Armenians

European Superiority

Scramble for Africa  Africa was booming real-estate at this time  Germany, France, Great Britain, etc.  European Nationalism  Berlin Conference

Activity  With a partner, read, highlight important phrases and analyze the primary sources, then critically think about these readings and answer the questions at the end of each reading.