Chapter 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell Chp 1.2 pg 18 Chapter 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell BEFORE, you learned NOW, you will learn Some organisms are unicellular, and some are multicellular A microscope is necessary to study most cells The cell theory describes the cell as the fundamental unit of life About different types of microscopes About prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells How plant and animal cells are similar and different

17,000 bacteria cells lined up would fit across a dime Chp 1.2 pg 18 Think About 17,000 bacteria cells lined up would fit across a dime How small are cells? MICROMETER (1µm) = 1 1,000,000 of a meter

The Microscope is an Important Tool Chp 1.2 pg 18-19 The Microscope is an Important Tool Mixed Bacteria as seen under a light microscope In light microscopes, LENSES bend the LIGHT to make objects appear BIGGER than they are. Modern Light Microscopes can magnify objects up to 1000x! . . . . . . . … .. ..

The Microscope is an Important Tool Chp 1.2 pg 18-19 The Microscope is an Important Tool Cell samples are treated with dyes to make structures in the cells easier to see.

The Microscope is an Important Tool Chp 1.2 pg 19 The Microscope is an Important Tool Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Can produce images as small as 0.00002µm (micrometers) In both SEM and TEM, tiny particles called ELECTRONS, not LIGHT are used to produce images.

The Microscope is an Important Tool Chp 1.2 pg 19 The Microscope is an Important Tool SEM & TEM Light Microscope Electrons, not light used to produce images Light used to produce images Used to observe Microbes that can not be seen with just your eyes Used to see the Details of the parts of cells Used to see some Parts of the cells CANNOT be used to study LIVE cells Allow scientists to study Living Cells

Chp 1.2 pg 19 Looking at Organisms with a SEM: 1) Cell samples must be coated in a heavy metal. 2) The electrons bounce of the coating and are read by a detector. 3) The detector produces a 3-D image of the surface.

Chp 1.2 pg 19 Looking at Organisms with a TEM: 1) Sample must be sliced extremely thin. 2) Electrons pass through a thin section. 3) Images appear 2-D

Cells are Diverse Cell Membrane: Cytoplasm: Chp 1.2 pg 20 Encloses the inside of each cell and protects it. Genetic Material: Allows the cell to reproduce. Cytoplasm: Gelatin-like material inside the cell membrane

Chp 1.2 pg 20 Cells are Diverse Genetic Information PROKARYOTIC CELLS: Genetic Information is located in the Cytoplasm

Cells are Diverse Chp 1.2 pg 20 Genetic Information EUKARYOTIC CELLS: Genetic Information is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. The ORGANELLE that contains most of the genetic material is called the NUCLEUS

Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells Chp 1.2 pg 21 Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus Usually the largest organelle in the cell. Stores the instructions a cell needs to function.

Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells Chp 1.2 pg 21 Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells Plants have Cell Walls A tough outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane. Protects and supports cell.

Structures that Process Information (Plants & Animals) Chp 1.2 pg 23 Structures that Process Information (Plants & Animals) Ribosomes: Use information to build important proteins

Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants) Chp 1.2 pg 23 Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants) Chloroplast: Energy from sunlight is used to make sugars.

Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants & Animals) Chp 1.2 pg 23 Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants & Animals) Mitochondria: Organelles that use oxygen to get energy from processing food.

Organelles that Process and Transport (Plants & Animals) Chp 1.2 pg 23-24 Organelles that Process and Transport (Plants & Animals) Golgi Apparatus: Takes materials made by the Endoplasmic Reticulum and finishes processing them. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Makes parts of cell membrane and transports materials

Organelles for Storage, Recycling, and Waste Chp 1.2 pg 24 Organelles for Storage, Recycling, and Waste Plant Cells: Vacuoles Animal Cells: Lysosomes vacuole