1. The Cell 1.1 The cell is the basic unit of living things. 1.2
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
The Cell
the BIG idea
All living things are made up of cells.
1.1
The cell is the basic unit of living things.
1.2
Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
1.3
Different cells perform various functions.
CHAPTER OUTLINE

2. The cell is the basic unit of living things.
1.1
The cell is the basic unit of living things.
All living things are made up of one or more cells.
Organisms share the following characteristics:
organism
• organization
unicellular
• ability to grow and develop
multicellular
• ability to respond
microscope
• ability to reproduce
Many unicellular
organisms live in pond
water.
bacteria
Multicellular organisms
include this frog and
these water-lily plants.
SECTION
OUTLINE

3. 1.1 organism The cell is the basic unit of living things.
unicellular
multicellular
An individual living thing, made up of one or many cells, that is capable of growing and reproducing.
microscope
bacteria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

4. 1.1 unicellular The cell is the basic unit of living things.
organism
unicellular
unicellular
multicellular
A term used to describe an organism that is made up of a single cell.
microscope
bacteria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

5. 1.1 multicellular The cell is the basic unit of living things.
organism
multicellular
unicellular
multicellular
A term used to describe an organism that is made up of many cells.
microscope
bacteria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

6. 1.1 microscope The cell is the basic unit of living things.
organism
microscope
unicellular
multicellular
An instrument that uses glass lenses to magnify an object.
microscope
bacteria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

7. 1.1 bacteria The cell is the basic unit of living things.
organism
bacteria
unicellular
multicellular
A large group of one-celled organisms that sometimes cause disease. Bacteria is a plural word; the singular is bacterium.
microscope
bacteria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
1.2
Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
A prokaryotic cell is relatively simple in structure,
with no nucleus or other organelles.
cell membrane
cytoplasm
A bacterium consists of a single prokaryotic cell.
nucleus
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
SECTION
OUTLINE

9. Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
1.2
Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
A prokaryotic cell is relatively simple in structure,
with no nucleus or other organelles.
A eukaryotic cell is more complex, with many different organelles inside it.
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Plants and animals are made up of many eukaryotic cells.
plant cell
animal cell
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
SECTION
OUTLINE

10. 1.2 cell membrane Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cytoplasm
nucleus
The outer boundary of the cytoplasm, a layer that controls what enters or leaves the cell; a protective covering enclosing an entire cell.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

11. 1.2 cytoplasm Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cytoplasm
nucleus
A thick, gelatin-like material contained within the cell membrane. Most of the work of the cell is carried out in the cytoplasm.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

12. 1.2 nucleus Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
nucleus
The structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and function.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

13. 1.2 eukaryotic cell Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
eukaryotic cell
cytoplasm
nucleus
A cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

14. 1.2 prokaryotic cell Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
prokaryotic cell
cytoplasm
nucleus
A cell that lacks a nucleus and other organelles, with DNA that is not organized into chromosomes.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

15. 1.2 organelle Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
organelle
cytoplasm
nucleus
A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

16. 1.2 cell wall Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
nucleus
A protective outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane of plant cells.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

17. 1.2 chloroplast Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

18. 1.2 mitochondria Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
mitochondria
cytoplasm
nucleus
Organelles that release energy by using oxygen to break down sugars.
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
organelle
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

19. Different cells perform various functions.
1.3
Different cells perform various functions.
• The single cell of a unicellular organism does all that is necessary for the organism to survive.
specialization
• A multicellular organism is a community of specialized cells.
tissue
organ
• Scientific models make it easier to understand cells.
archaea
The tarsier has many levels of organization in its body.
SECTION
OUTLINE

20. 1.3 specialization Different cells perform various functions.
tissue
The specific organization of a cell and its structure that allows it to perform a specific function.
organ
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

21. 1.3 tissue Different cells perform various functions.
specialization
tissue
tissue
A group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job.
organ
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

22. 1.3 organ Different cells perform various functions.
specialization
organ
tissue
A structure in a plant or an animal that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.
organ
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

23. 1.1 The cell is the basic unit of living things.
I. The cell is the basic unit of living things.
organism
A. Living things are different from nonliving things.
unicellular
1. Characteristics of Life
multicellular
2. Needs of Life
microscope
B. All living things are made of cells.
bacteria
C. The microscope led to the discovery of cells.
D. Cells come from other cells.
E. The cell theory is important to the study of biology.
1. Louis Pasteur
2. Bacteria and Spontaneous Generation
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

24. Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
1.2
Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
II. Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.
cell membrane
A. The microscope is an important tool.
cytoplasm
B. Cells are diverse.
nucleus
C. Plants and animals have eukaryotic cells.
eukaryotic cell
1. Structures That Process Information
prokaryotic cell
2. Organelles That Provide Energy
organelle
3. Organelles That Process and Transport
cell wall
4. Organelles for Storage, Recycling, and Waste
chloroplast
mitochondria
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

25. Different cells perform various functions.
1.3
Different cells perform various functions.
III. Different cells perform various functions.
specialization
A. Organisms can be classified by their cell type.
tissue
1. Archaea and Bacteria
organ
2. Eukarya
B. Cells in multicellular organisms specialize.
C. A multicellular organism is a community of cells.
D. Scientists use models to study cells.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY