1. The Cell
And all its parts!

2. The cell
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

3. Without Jansenn's microscope invention we would not have discovered
cells 3

4. The average cell is between 2 and 200µm  (micrometers).
To give you an idea of how big a micrometer is, the thickness of a strand of human hair ranges from 50 to 200 micrometers.  Dark hair is usually thicker than blonde hair.
The smallest particle that can be seen by the human eye is about 10 micrometers.  The eyepiece of your microscope has a special tool to measure micrometers.
Cells Alive

5. Entering (and exiting) the cell
CELL WALL
A stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane, giving the cell a rigid boxlike shape
Function: protection & support
This structure is found in plant & bacteria cells
CELL MEMBRANE
Forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment
Function: controls what comes in and out of the cell

6. Cell Wall/ Cell Membrane

7. Cell Wall/Cell Membrane
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8. Nucleus Acts as the “brain” of the cell or the control center
Directs all of the cell’s activities
Where DNA is found

9. Nucleus Cells without a nucleus: prokaryotes
Cells with a nucleus: eukaryotes
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10. Nucleus
The nucleus of the cell contains the genetic information (DNA)

11. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

12. Contains RNA to build proteins
Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Contains RNA to build proteins

13. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

14. Cytoplasm
A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire cell wherein the organelles are found.
It is constantly moving so the cell does not need to propel itself.

15. Mitochondria
The “powerhouse” of the cell
Produces energy for the cell

16. Ribosomes
“Factories” that produce protein

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum & Ribosomes

20. Golgi Bodies The cell’s “mailroom”
Receives proteins and other materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

21. VACUOLES Storage area of the cell Stores food and water
Plants have one large vacuole for water
Some animal cells have them & others do not

22. Lysosomes Cell’s cleanup crew
Breaks down old cell parts and releases the substances so they can be used again.

23. Chloroplasts
Capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
Found only in the plant cell

24. Eukaryotes Nucleus has a permeable membrane surrounding it
Nucleus contains the organism’s genetic material (DNA)
Most organelles also have a membrane around them
Mostly eukaryotic kingdoms are multicellular

25. Plant Cells Animal Cells
Smaller vacuoles, some have no vacuoles
No cell wall and no chloroplast
More lysosomes
More mitochondria
Larger vacuoles
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Cells have definite shape

26. Prokaryotes Bacteria Kingdoms ONLY Have no nucleus (lack a nucleus)
Have only ribosomes, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasm (No nucleus)
Cell Wall and cell membrane
ALL unicellular