1. The cell theory states:
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.

2. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life.
Organization of molecules into cells is one feature that distinguishes living things from all other matter.
Every living thing is made of 1 or more cells.

4. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Robert Hooke
In 1665 he used a compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork.
He saw many little boxes
He named these boxes cells after the rooms of monks.

6. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Hooke’s Drawing of Cork Cells

7. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
In 1674 he observed tiny living organisms in drops of pond water through a simple microscope.
First person to observe living cells

9. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Cell theory
A fundamental concept of biology
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.

11. Most microscopes use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons.

12. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Microscopes
The microscope was a development in technology that made the discovery of cells possible.
Earlier simple microscopes were improved with compound light microscopes to allow for magnification up to 1000 x.

13. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Electron microscopes
Can reveal details as much as 1000 times smaller than those visible in light compound microscopes.
Are capable of revealing items that are 1 billionth of a meter in size.
Can only be used on non-living samples

14. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Transmission electron microscopes (tem)
Make it possible to explore cell structures and large protein molecules.
Because beams of electrons can only pass through thin samples, cells and tissues must be cut into ultrathin slices before they can be examined.

15. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
Specimens do not have to be sliced into thin slices.
The specimen is coated with a ultrathin metallic coating.
Then a beam of electrons is scanned over the specimen surfaces.
Produces a 3d image of the specimen (cell)

16. Examples of Cells Elodea Leaf Cell Amoeba Proteus Nerve Cell
Red Blood Cell

17. The nucleus contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.

18. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Parts of a cell
Cells contain a variety of organelles.
Internal cell components that perform specific cell functions.
Maintain the life of the cell.
Cell membrane – thin membrane surrounding the entire cell.
Nucleus
Large organelle near the center of the cell.
Contains the majority of the cell’s genetic information.

19. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Types
Eukaryotes
Organisms whose cells contain a membrane- bound nucleus and other organelles.
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell.

20. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular
Prokaryotes
Unicellular organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.
Prokaryotes have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus.
Generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
Bacteria are prokaryotes.

21. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Section 1: Life is Cellular

23. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane
cytoplasm

24. Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria
Venn Diagrams
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
*Complex
**Forms tissues
***Has Membrane
bound Organelles
EX. Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
*simpler
**Normally single celled Bacteria
***NO (lacks) membrane organelles
Cell membrane
Contain DNA
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes