2. Cells And all their teeny, tiny parts….

3. Cell Parts three 1. Cell membrane There are _____ main parts of a cell: 2. Nucleus 3. Cytoplasm

4. Besides the 3 main parts, the cell contains many other parts called _________. Organelles organelles Each organelle does a different ___ to make the cell work. job “little organs”

5. Cell Membrane The cell membrane is the outer _______ that surrounds the cell. covering I t is like the thin ____ or ______ around the cell. “skin” barrier

6. Cell Membrane It has 3 main functions (jobs): 1.Protects the cell and gives it shape 2.Lets in nutrients 3.Lets out waste

7. Cell Membrane A closer look:

8. Often called “semi-permeable” Cell Membrane Semi-permeable cell membrane lets some things pass through but not other things. ○ “semi” means “partly” ○ “permeable” means “able to pass through” “semi” + “permeable” = ?

9. Outside of the Cell Inside of the Cell

10. Nucleus The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material called ____. DNA I t controls all the ________ of the cell. functions I t is like the “____” of the cell. brain 9

11. The cytoplasm holds all of the _________ safely inside the cell. organelles It is like “__________” that holds everything in place! jello Cytoplasm 4

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum _______, or changes proteins made by the _________. modifies ribosomes It also makes ____ and gets rid of ______. fats poison 6

13. Mitochondria The mitochondria changes ____ molecules into a form of ______ that the cell can use. food energy It is like the “_____ _____” of the cell. power plant 5

14. Golgi Bodies The Golgi bodies modify, or _________ the proteins that will be taken out of the cell. processes It _____, _________, and _________ proteins out of the cell. sortspackages transports 6

15. Vacuole The vacuole stores food, _____ and other liquids, and waste. water It is like the _______ ____ of the cell. storage tank 5

16. It ______ _____ food molecules, waste, and foreign invaders. Lysosome The lysosome is a special type of vacuole that has ________ chemicals. digestive It is like the _______ ___ of the cell. garbage can breaks down On to the Plant Cell 6

17. The Plant Cell Plant cells contain almost all the organelles that animal cells do but they have a few extra organelles that _____ plant cells have. ONLY Plant cells are _______ from animal cells. different

18. The Plant Cell

19. Vacuole Plants cells have very _____ vacuoles. large 5

20. This is done through a process called _____________. Chloroplast The chloroplast uses ____ energy to make ____. light Only ____ cells have chloroplasts. plant photosynthesis food 9

21. Cell Wall The cell wall is a ____ layer around the cell membrane in plants. rigid Only ____ cells have cell walls. plant It is what allows plants like trees to grow so ___, against the force of ______. tall gravity 7

22. There are ____ main types of cells: Are there Different Types of Cells? two 1. Prokaryotic 2. Eukaryotic

23. Prokaryotic cells are cells that do NOT have a _______. Prokaryotic Cells nucleus Prokaryotic cells also lack many _________. organelles They have ______ DNA. circular

24. Prokaryotic Cells circular DNA cytoplasm ribosome

25. Prokaryotic cells often have ______ and/or ____ to help them move around. Prokaryotic Cells flagellacilia

26. Prokaryotic Cells flagella cilia

27. Prokaryotic cells exist only as _____-celled organisms. Prokaryotic Cells single An organism that is one prokaryotic cell is called a _________. prokaryote All _______ are prokaryotes. bacteria

28. Prokaryotic Cells Pictures of bacteria

29. Prokaryotic Cells Pictures of bacteria Some bacteria are harmful to humans while others are ________ to humans. beneficial

30. Eukaryotic cells are cells that have a _______ and other _________. Eukaryotic Cells nucleus organelles Eukaryotic cells are _____ than prokaryotic cells. larger

31. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Magnified 2000x Magnified 250x

32. Organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells are called __________. Eukaryotic Cells eukaryotes

33. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic? Question: Are plant and animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic? _________________________ _________________________ Answer: Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic because they have nuclei and other organelles. Word study: nucleus (singular); nuclei (plural)

35. Standards 1. All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one to many trillions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms. b. Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from animal cells, including chloroplasts and cell walls. c. Students know the nucleus is the repository for genetic information in plant and animal cells. d. Students know that mitochondria liberate energy for the work that cells do and that chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis. e. Students know cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes. f. Students know that as multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate.