1. 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell

2. The microscope is an important tool O The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of cells O The light microscope is still used today to study cells. O Two other types of microscopes are the scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM) O SEM and TEM are used for viewing detailed parts of cells, but they cannot be used for viewing live cells

3. Parts of a cell O Cell membrane encloses the inside of each cell and protects it. O cytoplasm is a gelatin-like material inside the cell that carries out many functions of the cell O Prokaryotic cell is a type of cell without a nucleus (bacteria) O Eukaryotic cell is a type of cell with a nucleus. O Organelle is the parts of a cell. O Nucleus is the organelle that contains the genetic material and tells the cell what to do. O Cell wall is the tough outer covering of the cell membrane in a plant.

4. Structures that process information O The nucleus is the largest organelle that contains information the cell needs to function. O This information is translated by the ribosomes O Ribosomes are located throughout the cell and on the endoplasmic reticulum. O The ribosomes use the information to make protein molecules.

5. Organelles that provide energy O Chloroplasts are organelles in plants that captures sunlight to make sugars. These sugars (food) keep the cell functioning. O Mitochondria are the organelles in both plants and animals that use oxygen a to break down sugars

6. Organelles that process and transport O The endoplasmic reticulum transports small packages called vesicles by breaking off. O The vesicles carry processed materials to the Golgi apparatus O The Golgi apparatus takes the materials and finishes processing them

7. Organelles for storage, recycling and waste O Vacuoles are sacs inside plant cells that hold water, waste and other materials O Lysosomes are sacs inside animal cells that contain chemicals that break down nutrients taken into the cell as well as old cell parts and other waste