Conjugating a Fourth Conjugation Verb audio audire audivi auditus

All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts audio audire audivi auditus First Person Singular Present Active I hear Present active Infinitive To hear First Person Singular Perfect Active I have heard Perfect Passive Participle Having been heard

Finding the Present Stem Find the second principal part of the verb. audio audire audivi auditus The present stem is the second principal part – re. audire - re = audi

Present Active Tense The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings Singular Plural First Person mus we o I tis you Second Person you s he, she, it nt they Third Person t Present Active Endings

Present Active audi o audi mus audi tis audi s audi t audiu nt I hear I am hearing I do hear First Person We hear We are hearing We do hear audi o audi mus Second Person You hear You are hearing You do hear You hear You are hearing You do hear audi tis audi s He hears He is hearing He does hear Third Person They hear They are hearing They do hear audi t audiu nt Nota Bene: There is a “u” in the third person plural.

Present Passive Tense The present passive tense = Present Stem + Present Passive Endings Singular Plural First Person mur we or I mini you Second Person you ris he, she, it ntur they Third Person tur Present Passive Endings

Present Passive audi or audi mur audi mini audi ris audi tur audiu We are heard I am heard First Person audi or audi mur Second Person You are heard audi mini audi ris You are heard He is heard They are heard Third Person audi tur audiu ntur Nota Bene: There is a u in the third person plural.

Nota Bene: In the imperfect an “e” is inserted before the “ba” Imperfect Tense Present Stem + BA + Present Endings Nota Bene: In the imperfect an “e” is inserted before the “ba” Imperfect Active Imperfect Passive audie ba m I heard audie ba r I was heard audie ba s You heard audie ba ris You were heard He heard audie ba tur He was heard audie ba t We heard audie ba mur We were heard audie ba mus You heard audie ba mini You were heard audie ba tis They were heard They heard audie ba ntur audie ba nt

Future Tense Present Stem + e + Present Endings Nota Bene: In the first person singular a replaces the e. Future Active Future Passive I will hear audi a m audi a r I will be heard audi e s You will hear audi e ris You will be heard He will hear audi e tur He will be heard audi e t We will hear audi e mur We will be heard audi e mus You will hear audi e mini You will be heard audi e tis They will hear audi e ntur audi e nt They will be heard

Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. audio audire audivi auditus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. audivi - i = audiv

Perfect Active Tense The Perfect Active Tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings Singular Plural First Person imus we i I istis you Second Person you isti he, she, it erunt they Third Person it Perfect Active Endings

Perfect Active audiv imus audiv istis isti audiv erunt audiv i audiv First Person audiv i I heard I have heard I did hear audiv imus We heard We have heard We did hear You heard You have heard You did hear Second Person audiv istis audiv isti You heard You have heard You did hear Third Person audiv it audiv erunt They I heard They have heard They did hear He heard He has heard He did hear Perfect Active

Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + era + Present Endings Pluperfect Active audiv era m I had heard audiv era s You had heard audiv era t He had heard audiv era mus We had heard You had heard audiv era tis audiv era nt They had heard

Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings Future Perfect Active audiv er o I will have heard audiv eri s You will have heard audiv eri t He will have heard audiv eri mus We will have heard audiv eri tis You will have heard audiv eri nt They will have heard

Perfect Passive System 1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP). audio, audire, audivi, auditus. -a. -um 2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence. If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be audita. If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be auditae. If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be auditus. If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be auditi. If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be auditum. If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be audita.

Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Present Tense of Sum Perfect Passive Auditus – a - um sum I have been heard Auditus – a - um es You have been heard Auditus –a -um est He has been heard Auditi –ae -a sumus We have been heard You have been heard Auditi –ae –a estis They have been heard Auditi – ae -a sunt

Pluperfect Passive Tense PPP + Imperfect Tense of Sum Pluperfect Passive auditus – a - um eram I had been heard auditus – a - um eras You had been heard auditus –a -um erat He had been heard auditi –ae -a eramus We had been heard You had been heard auditi –ae –a eratis They had been heard auditi – ae -a erant

Future Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Future Tense of Sum Future Perfect Passive Tense auditus – a - um ero I will have been heard auditus – a - um eris You will have been heard auditus –a -um erit He will have been heard auditi –ae -a erimus We will have been heard You will have been heard auditi –ae –a eritis They will have been heard auditi – ae -a erunt

The ______________ tense does not use the present stem. a. Future b. Past Perfect c. Imperfect d. Present next

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Munire is the ______________ principal part of the word. a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth next

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Munivisti can be translated _____________ a. You have fortified b. You were fortified c. You are fortifying d. You will fortify next

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Munita est can be translated _____________ a. She had been fortified b. She is fortified c. She has been fortified d. She will have been fortified

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