The English Colonies 1605-1774

The Southern Colonies

Founding a New Colony

Founding a New Colony Jamestown founded May 14, 1607 40 miles up James River in Virginia Lack of preparation Surrounded by marshes Disease carrying mosquitos

Jamestown 105 colonists 2/3 died by winter Lack of preparation Disease carrying mosquitos

John Smith

The Real John Smith

John Smith’s Impact John Smith Took Control of Jamestown 1608 Colonists rewarded for harder work Powhatan Confederacy of Native Americans

John Rolfe + =

John Rolfe’s Impact John Rolfe made Jamestown profitable Introduced new type of tobacco Sold well in England

Powhatan Confederacy + =

Powhatan Confederacy John Rolfe married Pocahontas in 1614 Strengthened relations with Powhatan

Powhatan Confederacy

War in Virginia In 1622, colonists killed Powhatan leader Powhatan retaliated later that year Fighting continued for 20 more years

Headright System Colonists paid passage to Virginia Received 50 acres of land 50 additional acres for every new person brought. Richer colonists + relatives (servants) = large amounts of land

Indentured Servants High death rates in Virginia Majority of workers indentured servants Contracted to work 4-7 years for person who paid passage

Expansion of Slavery

Expansion of Slavery First Africans brought in 1619 by Dutch Demand for workers soon outpaced supply of indentured servants Cost of slaves fell By mid-1600s most Africans in Virginia were kept as slaves

Jamestown Grows Economy of Jamestown grew Colonial officials asked for more taxes Poor colonists began to protest

Nathaniel Bacon

Nathaniel Bacon Opposed to trade with American Indians Attacked friendly tribe in 1676

Bacon’s Rebellion

Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon attacked and burned Jamestown Controlled much of the colony …But died shortly after of dysentery

Other Southern Colonies Church of England v. Roman Catholic Church English Catholics were not allowed to worship freely English leaders feared English Catholics would join other Catholic nations like France and Spain

Maryland Fightin’ Turtles …Technically it’s a terrapin

Maryland Proposed by Lord George Calvert as a haven for Catholics in America in 1620 Charter awarded in 1632 to Cecilius Calvert Colony established in 1634 and named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria

Maryland By the 1640s, Protestants began moving into the colony Religious conflicts arose Cecilius Calvert (a.k.a Lord Baltimore) proposed the Toleration Act of 1649 Made it a crime to restrict the rights of all Christians First law supporting religious tolerance in the colonies

North Carolina Settlers of North Carolina came primarily from Virginia

North Carolina Split from South Carolina in 1712 Economy relied heavily on tobacco production

South Carolina Settlers of South Carolina came primarily from Europe

South Carolina Like Virginia, those who paid their passage from Europe received large land grants By 1730, some 20,000 slaves lived in South Carolina, compared to 10,000 white settlers Remember this fact for later

Georgia Charter granted to James Oglethorpe in 1732 Intended as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the rest of the colonies Oglethorpe wanted a place where debtors could make a fresh start What a nice guy…

Georgia In 1733 Oglethorpe founded Savannah Did not want large plantations owned by a few Outlawed slavery to accomplish this But less than 20 years later…. New laws were passed and Georgia was soon filled with large rice plantations worked by thousands of slaves

Economies of Southern Colonies Depended on agriculture Many small farms and some large plantations Warm climate and long growing season Cash crops By 1700s, slaves replaced indentured servants as main source of labor

Slave Codes Slave Codes - Laws to control slaves Virginia, 1705 – "If any slave resists his master... and in correcting such a slave, shall happen to be killed in such correction... the master shall be free of all punishment... as if such accident never happened." South Carolina, 1712 - Any slave who evades capture for 20 days or more is to be publicly whipped for the first offense; branded with the letter R on the right cheek for the second offense; and lose one ear for the third offense; and castrated for the fourth offense. Alabama, 1833 - "Any person or persons who attempt to teach any free person of color, or slave, to spell, read, or write, shall, upon conviction thereof by indictment, be fined in a sum not less than two hundred and fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars."

“Tortures, murder, and every other imaginable barbarity…are practiced upon the poor slaves with impunity. I hope the slave-trade will be abolished.” Olaudah Equinao

The Big Idea Despite a difficult beginning, the Southern Colonies soon flourished

Main Ideas Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America

Main Ideas Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists

Main Ideas Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies

Main Ideas Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies