1. Chapter 3 The Road to Revolution

2. The Southern Colonies Jamestown – the first permanent English settlement in America Founded in 1607 on the James River Settled near the marshes and swamps Suffered disease and death

5. Powhatan John Smith took control Men thought they were too good for farming Don’t work = don’t eat Powhatan helped colonists Population went from 400 to 60 in one year

7. Daily Life in Virginia High death rate caused a labor shortage Indentured Servants – agreed to work 4 to 7 years for those who paid for their journey As the cost of slaves fell, slave labor increased Bacon’s Rebellion - Bacon and his followers attacked and burned Jamestown

9. Other Southern Colonies Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore Founded by Catholics but Protestants soon began moving there Tensions rose Toleration Act of 1649 – made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians (Lord Baltimore)

10. Carolinas and Georgia Originally founded in 1633, Carolina was separated into North and South Carolina in 1712 North – mostly former servants and farmers that moved from Virginia South – mostly settlers from Europe Georgia – founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe Originally meant to block a Spanish attack

11. Economy of Southern Colonies Many small farms/some large plantations Warm climate and long growing season Cash crops – sold for profit Tobacco, rice, and indigo Slaves were the main source of labor Slave codes – laws to control slaves

12. New England Colonies Puritans - wanted to reform the Anglican Church Pilgrims – separatist group that left England to escape persecution Immigrants – people who left the country of their birth to live in another country

13. Mayflower Compact Mayflower ship Landed at Plymouth Rock in present- day Massachusetts Mayflower Compact – legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good Squanto helped the Pilgrims to survive

16. Great Migration Economic, political, and religious problems led to the Great Migration More than 40,000 moved to New England

17. New England Economy Harsh climate and rocky soil Few cash crops Slavery was not important Trading was important Fishing became one of the leading industries As trade grew, shipbuilding grew

18. Education in New England Parents wanted their kids to be able to read the bible More schools in New England than in any other colonies Children went to work after elementary grades Harvard – 1636 William and Mary – 1693

19. Middle Colonies Dutch found New Netherland (New York) and New Amsterdam (New York City) Quakers were a large religious group in New Jersey William Penn found Pennsylvania 1681

20. Economy of Middle Colonies Good climate and rich land Staple crops – crops that are always needed Indentured servants filled most labor needs Exported wheat to Britain and the West Indies

21. Life in the Colonies Each colony had a governor The center of politics was the town meeting Town meeting – people talked about and decided on issues of local interest Parliament replaced King James II and passed the English Bill of Rights, which reduced the powers of the English monarch

22. English Trade Laws England wanted to control the colonies to earn money from trade Navigation acts limited the trading of colonists Triangular trade – goods and slaves were traded among the colonies, Britain, and Africa Slaves were brought across the ocean in a voyage called the Middle Passage

24. Great Awakening and Enlightenment Ministers began holding revivals Great Awakening – religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s Enlightenment – spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society in the 1700s John Locke – people have the right to equality and liberty

25. Causes of French and Indian War The British and French both wanted to control the Ohio Valley territory in North America.

26. The British wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and the French wanted it for the fur trade.

27. Outcome The war officially ended with a British victory and with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763.

28. Political Consequences Great Britain Ruled Canada All lands east of the Mississippi River Except New Orleans

29. FRANCE Kept sugar colonies in the Caribbean Small fishing islands near Canada

30. SPAIN Gave Florida to Great Britain Got Louisiana Territory and New Orleans from France