World War I “ The war to end all wars ”

World War I Causes M. A. I. N.  Militarism  Alliances  Imperialism  Nationalism America in the 20th Century: World War I: The War in Europe. United Learning (2002). Retrieved February 1, 2006, from unitedstreaming:

Militarism  The glorification of the military and readiness for war  Military spending across Europe increased 300% between 1870 and 1914 (start of WWI)  The military leaders control the government  Example: Britain/Germany compete in an arms race

Alliances  Two or more nations who share common interests or common goals “ The enemy of my enemy is my friend ” - Britain and France begin to form close ties because of mutual competition with Germany  World War I and Its Aftermath. Discovery Channel School (2004). Retrieved February 1, 2006, from unitedstreaming:

You got my back, I got your back IIncreased tensions and suspicions led nations to form alliances NNations agreed to defend each other in case of attack TTriple Alliance - G ermany, Austria-Hungary, briefly Italy TThe Triple Entente ( Friendly Understanding ) - B ritain, France, Russia, briefly United States

Imperialism  Domination of a stronger nation over a weaker nation politically, economically, and socially  Competition for colonies and economic power

Imperialism con ’ t - France & Germany compete for colonial gains in Africa (scramble) - Britain and Germany competed industrially - Britain feared Germany ’ s rapid industrialization

Nationalism  Strong devotion or allegiance to a nation  Individuals who share a common language, history, area, and culture  German Nationalism - Unified German state was proud of growing military & industrial strength

Nationalism con ’ t  French Nationalism - France wanted to regain position as leading European power & sought revenge for lose of land and money to Germany (Franco-Prussian War)  Pan – Slavism - Russia encouraged nationalism in Eastern Europe Slavic people (Balkan states) and would defend Slavic people if attacked

Immediate cause  The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand  Francis Ferdinand and Francis Joseph of Austria in Vienna, Francis Joseph (right) was Emperor of Austria-Hungary; Francis Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, was his grandnephew and heir.  Francis Ferdinand and Austria's Francis Joseph.. IRC. (2005). Retrieved February 1, 2006, from unitedstreaming:

War in Europe  America in the 20th Century: World War I: The War in Europe. United Learning (2002). Retrieved February 1, 2006, from unitedstreaming:

Name the new types of warfare/technologies used in World War I?  Trench Warfare  Machine Guns  Tanks  Chemical Weapons  Flame Throwers  Hot-air balloons/Blimps  Submarine warfare  Airplanes a. Machine Guns b. Bombs  Larger Artillery Cannons

New types of Warfare 1. Trench Warfare: -Troops dig trenches along the front - Very little land is gained from both sides & it results in many deaths 2. Automatic Machine Gun: - Mounted gun that fires rapidly 3. Tank: - Armored vehicle that can cross many kinds of terrain. Were slow and clumsy - Protected advancing troops as they broke through enemy defenses

4. Submarine: - Underwater ships that can launch torpedoes or guided underwater bombs - Used by Germany to destroy Allied ships - Submarine attacks helped bring the U.S. into the war 5. Airplane: - One – or – two seat propeller equipped with machine gun or bombs, originally used for observation

6. Poison Gas (chemical warfare): - Gases that cause choking, blinding, or severe skin blisters - Tossed into enemy trenches, killing or disabling troops 7. Gas Masks: - Protect soldiers from poison gas - Lessoned the importance of poison gas

Results of World War I  America in the 20th Century: World War I: On the Homefront. United Learning (2003). Retrieved February 7, 2006, from unitedstreaming:

Results con ’ t  Allies defeat the Central Powers in November of 1918  In 1917, revolution breaks out in Russia and the Russians leave the war (next topic to cover)  U.S. enters war in 1917 because of German attacks on U.S. ships by their submarines

Results con ’ t  Treaty of Versailles (1919) German Punishment - Loss of land on East to create Poland - Loss of colonies - Disarmament of army/navy. No troops were allowed along the French Border  War Guilt Clause - Germany was forced to accept responsibility for the war and had to pay for war debts - Contributed to the cause of World War II

Results con ’ t  Wilson ’ s 14 points - Arms reduction - Guarantee freedom of the seas - Self-determination for all nations - Association of nations (League of Nations)

League of Nations  An organization of nations to help settle disputes and prevent war  The prelude to the United Nations (post WWII)  U.S. Senate never ratified the treaty, results are the U.S. does not join  League of Nations was weak because the U.S. refusal to join and it had trouble enforcing terms of the treaty