1. World War I & The Russian Revolution

2. Main Causes of the Great War
M: Militarism
A: Alliances
I: Imperialism
N: Nationalism

3. Great Britain & Germany
Militarism
Glorification of the military
Romanticism of war
Imperialism tensions
Led to great powers building up their armies & navies
Arms race
Biggest rivalry:
Great Britain & Germany

4. Alliances Germany, Italy, & Austria-Hungary Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
France & Russia formed an alliance
1904, France & Britain form entente
Central Powers
Allies

5. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Archduke visited Sarajevo
Sarajevo was capital of Bosnia, then under rule of Austria-Hungary
Home to many Serbs
Visit angered Serbian nationalists

6. Black Hand Terrorist Group
Gavrilo Princip
I, in joining the organization "Union or Death", swear by the Sun that warms me, by the Earth that nourishes me, before God, by the blood of the ancestors, on my honor and on my life, that I will from this moment until my death be faithful to the laws of this organization; and that I will always be ready to make any sacrifice for it. I swear before God, on my honor and on my life, that I will take all the secrets of this organization into my grave with me.

7. (prepares its military for war)
Austria Hungary issues ultimatum, declares war on Serbia
Serbia turns to Russia, Russia asks Germany to soften demands, Germany refuses
Russia mobilizes
(prepares its military for war)
Germany declares war on Russia
France gives same backing to Russia as Germany did to Austria
Germany declares war on France

8. Schlieffen Plan
Developed years earlier for Germany to avoid two- front war
Move against France first because Russia would be slow to mobilize
Defeat France quickly to turn attention to Russia

9. Schlieffen Plan, Germany invades Belgium
Britain had a treaty guaranteeing Belgium neutrality
Outraged Britain declares war on Germany
War was set in motion
Nations had to mobilize
No time for leaders to negotiate

10. Reasons for Entering the War
Austria-Hungary
Allied with Germany
Punished Serbia for assassination & encouraging terrorism
Germany
Allied with Austria-Hungary
Stood by its ally
Serbia
Allied with Russia
Attacked by Austria-Hungary after assassination

11. Reasons for Entering the War
Russia
Allied with Serbia, France & Britain
Wanted to defend Slavic peoples in Serbia
France
Allied with Russia & Britain
Wanted to avoid facing Germany alone at later date
Belgium
Neutral
Invaded by Germany
Britain
Allied with France & Russia
Outraged by invasion of Belgium

12. Technology of Modern Warfare
Long-range artillery
Rapid-fire machine gun

13. Technology of Modern Warfare
Poisoned gas (Mustard Gas)
First used in 1915 by the Germans
Blinded or choked the victims

14. Technology of Modern Warfare
Armored Tank
1st introduced by Britain
Used to move across No Man’s Land
Zeppelin

15. Technology of Modern Warfare
Both sides equipped airplanes with machine guns
Pilots, “flying aces,” fought “dog fights” in the sky

16. Technology of Modern Warfare
German U-boats
Unteersee Boats
Did tremendous damage
Convoys

17. Trench Warfare
By 1915, both sides had built trenches from the English Channel to Switzerland
Stalemate
Deadlock, neither side is able to defeat the other
Millions died, little land was won
Details
6,250 miles of trenches total
Western Front- 415 miles
Trenches
Zig-Zag Pattern
6-8 feet deep
Front lines, supply/support lines, reserve lines, and communication lines
No Man’s Land

18. Trench Warfare