ETHNIC VIOLENCE By: Caitlin Fahey and Christina Reszel

Definition  Ethnic violence (also known as ethnic terrorism or ethnically-motivated terrorism) refers to violence that is predominantly framed rhetorically by causes and issues related to ethnic hatred, though ethnic violence is more commonly related to political violence

Rwanda Conflict  Tutsi (minority), who had controlled power for centuries  against Hutu (majority) who had come to power in the rebellion of 1959–62 and overthrown the Tutsi monarchy.  Tutsi group called RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) tried to overthrow the Hutu gov.  Hutus set out to systematically kill all Tutsi they could find, any age or sex also killing any moderate Hutus  UN created a safe zone for Hutus in southwest  millions of moderate Hutus went to Zaire

Rwanda Cont.  1994 mass murder  800, million  about 20% of the population killed  still struggles but operating as a democracy.  2 million Hutus that helped fled thinking Tutsi would come back for them  RPF won and created coalition gov. so all sides are part of the gov.

Cambodia   Prince Sihanouk got communists to form the khmer Rouge (1960)  Lon Nol overthrew prince Sihanouk (1970)?  1975 Lon Nol was beaten by Khmer Rouge(pol pot= leader replacing Sihanouk)  156,000 dead  Pol Pot tried to make country communist  People thrown out to have land for collective farms

Cambodia Cont.  People refusing to leave were killed  Minorities (Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, and any Cambodians with thoughs ancestors) were killed  1978 Vietnam overthrew the Khmer rouge  By 1989 Cambodia was back to self-charge  Prince Sihanouk was re-elected to lead new government

Bosnia  Yugoslavia was a country with many different areas.  Bosnia Was one area within Yugoslavia.  1980 Yugoslavian president Tito died. He had been communist.  Different part of Yugo wanted to be independent.  Serbia became powerful; leader was Slobodan Milosevic.  Croatia and Slovenia did become independent.  Milosevic wanted Bosnia to stay a part of Serbia, so did the Serbians living in Bosnia.

Bosnia Cont.  1995 he started fighting in a section of Bosnia called Srebrenica ; “ethnic cleansing” ( a nicer word for genocide).  U.N. tried to help, sent Dutch soldiers who set up a compound. Serbians started attacking, 6,000 Bosnians came inside; 20,000 more waiting outside  7,500 men and boys over 13 years old were killed.  Late 1995 peace negotiations happened; separate countries named.  The Serbian project in Bosnia had brought about a huge internal displacement of the population from which the people have not yet recovered

Sudan  Civil war begins in the south- cause’s unrest for MANY years  Omar Hassan al-Bashir came to power in overthrew the Gov.  Introduced the Islamic Sharia law  2004 January - rebel uprising in western region of Darfur  pro-government Arab Janjaweed militias are carrying out the killing of non-Arab villagers in Darfur. – Genocide  2005 January - Government and southern rebels sign a peace deal  Fighting continued  2011 July - South Sudan gains independence.  2012 April - Sudanese warplanes raid the Bentiu area in South Sudan.

Sudan Cont.  The state/ Gov. controls the media – one sided propaganda  Many refugees have fled to Chad and are living in refugee camps  Omar Hassan al-Bashir - two international arrest warrants - issued by the International Criminal Court in The Hague - on charges of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity

Palestine  Zionist(for the reestablishment and the development and protection of a Jewish nation) are ethnically cleansing against Arabs  1947 – Opinion that Arabs should be transferred out of Palestine  Wanted to establish a Jewish state  Palestinian Arab model of incessant terrorism for almost one hundred years

Palestine Cont.  Civil War -->pervasive anti-Jewish, destruction of Jewish property, sporadic outbreaks of violence, and massacres were ongoing events  Propaganda for ethnic cleansing: in many books  estimated 6.4 million Palestinian refugees living in dirty refugee camps- Lebanon, Jordan, Arab countries  1948 Israeli War of Independence when 800,000 Arabs either fled for their safety or were forced out of their homes by Israeli forces

Kenya  Started in 2007 after a presidential election  episodes of violence - the burning of a church with women and children inside  occurred in mostly Kalenjin and Isiolo areas.  trying to balkanize (divide a territory into small, hostile states) the country along ethnic lines  The death toll stood at more than 1,000, with much of the fighting, like the voting, along ethnic lines.

Kenya Cont.  one of the most corrupt, deeply entrenched political systems on the continent.  1,100 people are believed to have been killed in organized attacks and more than 300,000 were driven from their homes or fled in the violence  Four important Kenyans two of them presidential candidates, were ordered to stand trial at the International Criminal Court in The Hague on charges of crimes against humanity

Summary  Refugees can be forced to leave  Feel the need to escape for safety  "Internally Displaced Persons" who are not officially refugees because they have not left their own country  No place to go

Works Cited  "M.EP. - Expulsions and Population Transfers to Solve Ethnic Conflict." M.EP. - Expulsions and Population Transfers to Solve Ethnic Conflict. Web. 13 May  "Refugees." About.com Geography. Web. 13 May  "Sudan Profile." BBC News. BBC, 05 Jan Web. 11 May